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3587 items in total found

Working Papers | 1975

Determinants of Inter-Industry Wage Structure in India

Dholakia Bakul H

This paper deals with an analysis of the main factors explaining the inter-industry wage differentials in manufacturing sector of the Indian economy. It examines the basic theoretical framework which can provide a satisfactory explanation of the inter-industry wage structure. Taking the cross-section data on the two-digit level manufacturing industries for two years 1960 and 1964, the regression technique is applied to test alternative models based on the 'expected ability to pay' and the 'technology' hypotheses. The major finding of the study is that the skill-mix and productivity are the two main determinants of inter-industry wage structure in India. The policy implication of this finding is that if a more rational wage structure is to be evolved in the organised manufacturing sector in India, it can be done most effectively by following the policy of modernisation and rationalisation of the existing low productivity industries while envisaging rapid development of the industrial sector during the course of the next decade.

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Working Papers | 1975

Empirical Test of the Marginal Productivity Theory of Wages: The Case of Indian Industries

Dholakia Bakul H and Dholakia Archana R

The paper makes an attempt to test empirically the validity of the marginal productivity hypothesis of wage determination in the case of the Indian economy by using the data on the organised manufacturing sector. The broad methodology followed in the study consists in estimating the Cobb-Douglas production function for Indian industries on the basis of the time series (1946-64) data and also the cross-section data for years 1960 & 1964 and in turn deriving the series of estimated value of marginal product of labour from the estimated production function. By regressing the observed wage rate on the estimated marginal product of labour, the linear relationship between the two is then estimated and tested. A few other test criteria such as the Douglas criterion are also applied. The main finding of the study is that wages paid in Indian manufacturing industries do not reflect the corresponding marginal productivity of labour. Tracing the divergence between the two to the market imperfections, an attempt is also made on an experimental basis to estimate the implicit elasticities of supply of labour in a few selected industries.

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Working Papers | 1975

Relationship of Consumption and Production in Changing Agriculture: A Study in Surat Dist. India - A Summary

Desai B M

This is a summary of the study entitled "Relationship of Consumption and Production in Changing Agricultural: A Study in Surat District, India" published in the occasional paper series of the Technological Change in Agriculture Project at the Department of Agricultural Economics, Cornell University. The summary reports the objectives, analytical and methodological approach, data and the main findings of this study. The study assumes that at the beginning of a crop-year the farmers' consumption and production decisions are recursive instead of simultaneous. This is because income from crops accrues only at the end of a crop-cycle, while consumption is continuous. The study further argues that crop-pattern is the single most important determinant of farmers' working capital investment and income decisions. Hence the study considers it more important to explain crop-pattern rather than intensity of a given crop. Finally, both dairy plus non-farm income and consumption being continuous in character, can form net family capital that would influence, among other factors, the crop-pattern. This linkage between family finance and crop-pattern is justified because under conditions of inadequacies of capital market and risks credit may not be perfectly substitutable for internal finance. Considering these assumptions, a four-part econometric model is presented. The four parts are dairy-farming, crop-farming, level and pattern of aggregate consumption. For empirical application of the model, data for agricultural years 1969-70, and 1970-71 from a group of farm-families of Surat District are utilised.

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Working Papers | 1975

Location of Indian Cement Industry

Gupta G S and Patel Kirit

The paper examines four hypotheses about the location of the Indian Cement Industry, viz., (a) its location is not optimum, (b) it is not evenly distributed throughout the country, (c) its location is becoming more and more dispersed over time, and (d) recent changes in its location are towards the optimum location. These hypotheses are tested on the basis of various determinants of location, and on two measures of location, i.e. location quotient and coefficient of localisation. The findings have endorsed all the four hypotheses. In particular, we have found that the location coefficient has declined from around 0.53 in 1960 to around 0.46 in 1965. While Madras and Bihar were the leading States in cement production in 1947, the leading States in this respect in 1971 were Madras, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, and so on.

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Working Papers | 1975

Management Process by the Education of the Future

Pareek Udai

In our philosophy, the legitimate role of social change in education has to move away from elitist orientation to whole society orientation. It is necessary to develop new value framework, attitudes, value orientations. These fall under three main orientations. The process of production of knowledge has to be reversed and also priorities. After discussing these value orientations, seven dimensions of management are discussed to see how these function in two models of management, one for elitist education and the other for the whole society education. Eight relevant processes are also discussed for these two types of education, suggesting how education can move from today to tomorrow.

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Working Papers | 1975

Training Economic Impacts Through the Commodity Price/Quantity Structure

Mathur P N and Shah Tushar

A new framework has been developed for analysing the sectoral price behaviour. A detailed theoretical exposition of the hypothesis regarding fix and flex price systems is given in first para of the paper. IN a nutshell, fix price industries and those industries where process respond mainly to changes in demand. In the second part of the paper, this hypothesis has been tested for the Indian economy by using a twenty sectoral model. It was found that only two sectors namely agriculture and agro-products fell in flex price system. All other sectors qualified to be admitted to fix price category.

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Working Papers | 1975

Implementation Problems of Management Control Systems

Bhattacharyya S K and Camillus J C

Objectives: To provide a deeper understanding and a systematic analysis of the implementation problems of management control systems in Indian companies and to determine the relationship, if any, between these problems on the one hand, and the characteristics of the company and the design of the management control systems on the other. Also, the research project was intended to develop recommendations for: 1. Minimizing the occurrence of the implementation problems 2. Eliminating problems when they occur 3. If inevitable, reducing their severity. Findings :- There were two major and distinctly different types of objectives which the management control systems can serve, viz., the technical objectives and the managerial objectives. With regard to the managerial dimension, it was found that it was the use which management made of the system that determined its effectiveness rather than the sophistication of design of the system. The design of the management control system had a relatively greater role to play with regard to the technical dimension of effectiveness. Further findings were: 1. A rational organizational structure was an important prerequisite for the effectiveness of the management control systems. 2. The absence of efficient reporting systems providing timely managerial information relating to key results areas was often a cause of ineffectiveness. 3. Top management use of the system, particularly demonstrated in the review and follow-up exercise, was the primary determinant of the system's effectiveness.

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Working Papers | 1975

Inter Personal Feedback: The Transaction for Mutuality

Pareek Udai

The concept of interpersonal feedback as one of providing information to a person for improving his interpersonal competence is discussed. After discussing the functions of interpersonal feedback, the processes of interpersonal feedback are discussed in details. The process consists of perception of behaviour by the person giving feedback, his own personality, the message he sends, the way he sends the message, how the message is received, whether it is seen as helpful or threatening and how it leads to either behavioural change or rejection of feedback. The various uses of feedback are discussed, drawing upon various researches in the field. Discussing the various kinds of feedback, the last section focusses on how feedback can be useful for building effective transaction between the person giving feedback and the one who is receiving it. This section also discusses what the person who is giving feedback can do to make it more effective and similarly what the person who receives the feedback can do so that instead of dealing with the feedback by defensive behaviour, he is able to use it for increasing his interpersonal competence.

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Working Papers | 1975

Information Systems for Control of Development Activities: A Conceptual Framework

Camillus J C, Asopa V N, and Kaul Mohan

The paper reviews the district environment and emphasizes the importance of information and control systems for better planning and implementation of developmental programmes. A conceptual framework for the design of information systems for the control of developmental activities at the district level of government is proposed. The framework developed recognizes the special attributes of developmental activities which demand a departure from the traditional planning and control frameworks employed in commercial situations. A three-dimensional matrix for identifying and organizing the universe of information required for control of developmental activities is proposed. This matrix recognizes the importance of developmental objectives and requires an identification of programmes intended to serve each objective or set of objectives. It further specifies the parameters in relation to each programme which are required for decision making and takes into account the implications of the functions and hierarchical levels of officials in terms of their information needs.

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Working Papers | 1975

Consumption Patterns and Macromarketing: A Radical Perspective

Dholakia Nikhilesh

In studying the choices for consumption, marketing scholars have been almost totally occupied with a very narrow spectrum of choice, viz brand choice. This paper discusses the nature of consumption patterns and how social choices leading to particular types of consumption patterns are made. It is argued that the dominant consumption pattern in capitalist societies consists of private consumption, at an individual level, and in a passive way. It is further argued that such a consumption pattern is an inevitable outcome of the skewed distribution of power and control of resources and that it continually deepens the predicament of powerless and poor consumers.

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