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821 items in total found

Journal Articles | 2022

Religiosity and homophobia: Examining the impact of perceived importance of childbearing, hostile sexism and gender

Shubham Singhal and Vishal Gupta

Sexuality Research and Social Policy

Introduction Religiosity plays an important role in defning social norms and leads to homophobia. We tested whether the perceived importance of childbearing and hostile sexism mediate the relationship between religiosity and homophobia. We also tested the relative importance of two mediators and if they sequentially mediated the religiosity–homophobia relationship. Finally, we tested if gender moderates these efects. Methods Data from 49 countries with 70,867 participants collected by the seventh wave of the World Values Survey between 2017 and 2020 were analyzed using mediation and moderation techniques. Results The perceived importance of childbearing and hostile sexism explain the relationship between religiosity and homophobia. More specifcally, the perceived importance of childbearing mediates the religiosity–homophobia relationship, and it mediates the relationship more strongly than hostile sexism. Additionally, hostile sexism and the perceived importance of childbearing sequentially mediate the religiosity–homophobia relationship. This sequential mediation efect is stronger for men than for women. Similarly, the mediation efect of hostile sexism for the religiosity–homophobia relationship is stronger for men than for women. Conclusions The perceived importance of childbearing and hostile sexism explain the likely impact of religiosity on homophobia, which should be considered in psychological interventions and prevention programs. Policy Implications Interventions that are targeted at altering the perceived importance of childbearing and sexist attitudes can combat homophobia among religious people.

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Journal Articles | 2022

Neither complements nor substitutes: Examining the case for coalignment of contract-based and relation-based alliance governance mechanisms in coopetition contexts

Rajnish Rai and Mitul Surana

Long Range Planning

Although the extant literature recognizes that the contract-based and relation-based alliance governance mechanisms (AGMs) play a significant role in the success of alliances, the nature of their interplay still remains ambiguous. In this study, we move away from the traditional debate between contract- and relation-based AGMs as substitutes versus complements. Instead, we offer the notion of “fit” or the “coalignment” as a more appropriate frame to explain the interplay between contract- and relation-based AGMs in the coopetition context. We conceptualize ‘Coalignment of Alliance Governance Mechanisms’ (CAGM) as a distinct higher-order construct and outline a methodological orientation to estimate the coalignment of the two forms of AGMs. We conduct a longitudinal study using primary data from 320 matched coopetition alliances in high-technology research-intensive sectors in India and find that the CAGM explains better the impact of governance mechanisms on value creation in coopetition alliances.

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Journal Articles | 2022

Identity work at the intersection of dirty work, caste, and precarity: How Indian cleaners negotiate stigma

Avina Mendonca, Premilla D’Cruz, and Ernesto Noronha

Organization

Drawing from in-depth interviews of cleaners employed in the cleaning industry in India, the study examines the ongoing process of constructing a positive identity among dirty workers. Cleaners respond to the intense identity struggles emerging from caste stigma, dirty taint, and precarity by constructing ambivalent identities. Cleaners’ identity work is constituted by the very identity struggles they encounter, and their efforts to negotiate stigmatized identities further create identity tensions. Apart from accenting the paradoxical duality inhered in identity work, the findings show how caste/class inequalities are reworked in a neoliberal milieu and reproduced in identity construction processes. The findings call attention to caste as an important social category in organizational studies that has implications for work identities, dirty work, and precarious work.

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Journal Articles | 2022

Domestic workers and sexual harassment in India: Examining preferred response strategies

Akshaya Vijayalakshmi, Pritha Dev, and Vaibhavi Kulkarni

World Development

The purpose of this research is to understand how women working as domestic workers, who are part of the informal sector, are likely to respond to sexual harassment incidents. Unlike the organized sector, women in informal and nontraditional workspaces often do not have access to formal organizational mechanisms for lodging complaints, thus making it important to understand their response strategies. To understand their likely response to sexual harassment in the informal sector, we conducted a detailed survey of 387 domestic workers in India where we presented each respondent with eleven possible sexual harassment scenarios and nine possible responses to each such scenario. We find that (a) women are most likely to employ strategies that are self-focused and with minimal support from friends/family. (b) Women complain to authorities/family only when they can furnish evidence of harassment. (c) Women are not likely to complain to their female supervisor under any circumstances. And (d) unsurprisingly, poorer, and migrant women are likely to be more silent than women who are relatively better-off about harassment. The results, in brief, show a distrust of the current systems. By examining this informal and unorganized workspace, we offer a stronger theoretical understanding of employee responses to sexual harassment and provide practical suggestions.

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Journal Articles | 2022

Routing and charging facility location for EVs under nodal pricing of electricity: A bilevel model solved using special ordered set

Sebastián González, Felipe Feijoo, Franco Basso, Vignesh Subramanian, Sriram Sankaranarayanan, and Tapas K. Das

IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid

We consider the problem of identifying optimal location of electric vehicle (EV) charging stations, while accounting for (i) route optimization and (ii) charging cost optimization by the EV fleets, where the electricity price is obtained endogenously by an optimal power flow (OPF) model. We solve the problem using a bi-objective bilevel programming framework with the objectives being one of minimising travel time and the other of minimising EV charging cost. The upper level problem consists of the facility location and the transportation model and the lower level problem consists of the OPF model. After reformulating this computational hard problem as a mathematical program with equilibrium constraints (MPEC), we solve the problem using a special ordered sets-type 1 (SOS1)-based approach. We record the significant improvement in speed by our method, as opposed to the standard Big-M approach. Finally, we apply the technique to the Sioux Falls transportation network with the IEEE 14-bus electricity network embedded on it. We observe that solutions through our models results in as much 37% lower operating costs for the EVs.

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Journal Articles | 2022

Prospect theory preferences and global mutual fund flows

Nilesh Gupta, Anil V. Mishra, and Joshy Jacob

Journal of International Money and Finance

We examine the influence of Cumulative Prospect Theory (CPT) characteristics of fund returns on investment flows with a cross-country data of equity mutual funds. We find that a larger CPT value of the style-adjusted past returns is associated with higher fund flows in the subsequent quarter. The impact is greater for retail-oriented funds, relatively younger funds, and those with higher active share. While funds that score high on the CPT value attract incremental fund flows, they earn a lower alpha than their peers in the following year. The sensitivity of fund flows to the CPT characteristics is higher in countries with greater individualism and short-term orientation. The results are robust to several additional tests and hold across various subsamples of our data. The findings imply that investors have misplaced expectations about the future performance of funds that show higher CPT values and the fund managers cater to these investor preferences.

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Journal Articles | 2022

Pre-Kautilyan period: Crucible of pro-economic ideas and practices

Satish Deodhar

Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute

A number of studies have been conducted in the recent past throwing light on Kautilya’s contribution to economic policy. In his treatise Arthashastra, Kautilya informs that his contribution was based on received knowledge and gives credit to his predecessors. Unfortunately, the specialized works of the predecessors have been lost with the passage of time. I have attempted to scout and collate the economic notions that have appeared interspersed in the available Sanskrit treatises written prior to Arthashastra. Kautilya’s Arthashastra must have evolved from the crucible of such literature. In this context I discuss the four-fold classifications of purusharthas, ashramas, and varnas referenced in ancient texts and their attendant economic implications in the society then. I also cover the economic notions at the macro and institutional level which include policies of a welfare state, practical ideas about public goods, market facilitation, property rights, labour relations and unions, coinage, taxation, and budget deficit.

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Journal Articles | 2022

Work life balance indicators and Talent Management approach: A qualitative investigation of Indian luxury hotels

Sunil Buddhiraja, Biju Varkkey, and Stephen McKenna

Employee Relations: The International Journal

Purpose – The purpose of the study is twofold: (1) it captures the work–life balance (WLB) experiences of front-office employees to inductively classify a set of WLB indicators for the locally owned Indian luxury hotels and (2) it further examines the existing WLB practices of the select hotels with the lens of talent management (TM) approach of key human resource management (HRM) practices (Thunnissen, 2016). Design/methodology/approach – To explore and classify WLB indicators, an exploratory, qualitative approach is utilized by administering seven focus group discussions involving 70 front-office employees working in Indian luxury hotels. Seven in-depth interviews with HR professionals were triangulated with secondary data to capture and analyse the existing WLB practices of sampled organizations. Findings – Four clusters of WLB indicators that are grounded in the lived experiences of front-office employees are identified and presented. Interview data from human resource representatives unveil that hotels consider existing WLB practices as key HRM practices with an inclusive TM approach. The findings also surface the differences in expectations of front-office employees and WLB practices followed by the hotels. Research limitations/implications – First, the paper addresses the issue of WLB from employees’ perspective which is crucial for designing effective WLB practices. Second, the paper contributes to the existing TM literature from the perspective of WLB practices. Originality/value – The originality of the study is grounded in the employees’ lived experiences to classify the WLB indicators for India and further examine the WLB practices through the lens of the TM approach.

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Journal Articles | 2022

Reshaping adolescents’ gender attitudes: Evidence from a school-based experiment in India

Diva Dhar, Tarun Jain, and Seema Jayachandran

American Economic Review

This paper evaluates an intervention in India that engaged adolescent girls and boys in classroom discussions about gender equality for two years, aiming to reduce their support for societal norms that restrict women's and girls' opportunities. Using a randomized controlled trial, we find that the program made attitudes more supportive of gender equality by 0.18 standard deviations, or, equivalently, converted 16 percent of regressive attitudes. When we resurveyed study participants two years after the intervention had ended, the effects had persisted. The program also led to more gender-equal self-reported behavior, and we find weak evidence that it affected two revealed-preference measures.

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Journal Articles | 2022

From fear to courage: Indian lesbians’ and gays’ quest for Inclusive ethical organizations

Ernesto Noronha, Nidhi S. Bisht, and Premilla D’Cruz

Journal of Business Ethics

This paper focusses on the experiences of Indian lesbians and gays (LGs) who are subjected to unethical acts of workplace bullying which get manifested through constant guesswork, comments and questioning about their sexual identity in the hostile Indian context. Given this, LG participants usually opt for secrecy and lead a double life, using ‘passing’ and ‘covering’ strategies to manage economic, social and psychological risks. Nonetheless, this paper rewrites the negative tenor of lesbians, gays, bisexuals and transexuals research by underscoring how LG participants move from fear to courage in their endeavour to live authentic lives while considering the broader organizational and social context. We argue that their courage is manifested mainly through deliberate micro-disclosures and a sense of defiance which can be enhanced if organizations are designed to be more inclusive and ethical. Consequently, participants defined inclusive ethical organizations as having conducive environments with trustworthy, supportive, secure, fair, unbiased and safe non-discriminatory policies open to the idea of diverse sexual orientations. Our findings point to the fact that, first and foremost, organizations must be crafted and sustained to be courageous within a hostile social climate, for employees to overcome their fears.

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IIMA