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743 items in total found

Journal Articles | 2019

Did India's price policy for coronary stents create unintended consequences?

Sarang Deo, Hanu Tyagi, Chirantan Chatterjee, and Himasagar Molakapuri

Social Science & Medicine

In February 2017, India capped the retail price of coronary stents and restricted the channel margin to bring Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA) procedure, which uses coronary stents, within reach of millions of patients who previously could not afford it. Prior research shows that care providers respond to such regulations in a way that compensates for their loss in profits because of price control. Therefore, price control policies often introduce unintended consequences, such as distortions in clinical decision making. We investigate such distortions through empirical analysis of claims data from a representative public insurance program in the Indian state of Karnataka. Our data comprises 25,769 insurance claims from 69 private and seven public hospitals from February 2016 to February 2018. The public insurance context is ideal for investigating distortions in clinical decisions as the price paid by patients, and thereby access to the treatment, does not change after price control. We find that the change in the average volume of PTCA procedures per hospital per month after price control disproportionately increased when compared to the change in the clinical alternative – Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) procedures. This increase corresponds to 6% of the average number of PTCA procedures and 28% of the average number of CABG procedures before the price control. In addition, disproportionate increase in PTCA procedures occurred only among private hospitals, indicating the possibility of profit-maximization intentions driving the clinical choices. Such clinical distortions can have negative implications for patient health outcomes in the long run. We discuss alternative policies to improve access and affordability to healthcare products and services which are likely to not suffer from similar distortions.

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Journal Articles | 2019

Corpus linguistics, newspaper archives and historical research methods

Chinmay Tumbe

Journal of Management History

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the utility of corpus linguistics and digitised newspaper archives in management and organisational history.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper draws its inferences from Google NGram Viewer and five digitised historical newspaper databases – The Times of India, The Financial Times, The Economist, The New York Times and The Wall Street Journal – that contain prints from the nineteenth century.

Findings

The paper argues that corpus linguistics or the quantitative and qualitative analysis of large-scale real-world machine-readable text can be an important method of historical research in management studies, especially for discourse analysis. It shows how this method can be fruitfully used for research in management and organisational history, using term count and cluster analysis. In particular, historical databases of digitised newspapers serve as important corpora to understand the evolution of specific words and concepts. Corpus linguistics using newspaper archives can potentially serve as a method for periodisation and triangulation in corporate, analytically structured and serial histories and also foster cross-country comparisons in the evolution of management concepts.

Research limitations/implications

The paper also shows the limitation of the research method and potential robustness checks while using the method.

Practical implications

Findings of this paper can stimulate new ways of conducting research in management history.

Originality/value

The paper for the first time introduces corpus linguistics as a research method in management history.

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Journal Articles | 2019

Broker imposed precarity of Indian technical immigrants

Shrihari S. Sohani andBiju Varkkey

Industrial Relations Journal

The primary purpose of this article is to investigate the labour supply chain of Indian technical immigrants in the United States. The two important findings that emerge are as follows: First, the study unearths a latent phenomenon of broker-induced precarity that results from the labour supply chain and explores how aspirational jobs are becoming precarious ones. Second, the study provides a foundation for devising policies and interventions to make the process of the labour supply chain less detrimental to the Indian technical immigrants. This article draws on a seven-month-long field-based qualitative study and ensures a meticulous triangulation of the findings through an analysis of archival data and actual artefacts related to manpower movement across the labour supply chain.

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Journal Articles | 2019

Payment methods and their effect on durable goods replacement

Aruna Divya T and Kanchan Mukherjee

Journal of Consumer Marketing

Purpose

Unlike point of purchase behavior, not much is known about how payment method impacts post-purchase behavior, especially for durable goods where user experience can last over long periods. The purpose of this paper is to link two strands of literature for the first time by uncovering systematic linkages between the payment method (upfront cash vs loan) used for purchase of durable goods and the replacement timings for the same.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors predict that cash purchases are more likely to have shorter replacement horizons compared to loan purchases and propose a psychological mechanism that accounts for the same. Their arguments are based on how the strength of coupling, which is the degree of psychological association between payment and consumption, depends on the payment method and differentially influences the consumption experience and consequently leads to different replacement horizons. They conduct a field study to test their predictions and find support for their model.

Findings

The authors find that individuals who financed their durable goods purchases using loan, expressed their intentions to replace the goods after longer period than those who financed their durable goods with cash down payment. As loan installments remind people of painful thoughts of payment, they tend to reduce the dissonance by positively evaluating both retrospective and anticipated usage experiences. This dissonance reduction mechanism eventually leads to reduced willingness to let go of the durable.

Practical implications

Marketers are faced with a tradeoff between increasing purchase likelihood versus ensuring long-term post-purchase satisfaction. In this paper, the authors uncover the psychological mechanisms that can explain how payment method chosen to pay for a durable can have direct effect on post-purchase consumption experiences and subsequently in the replacement intentions. This finding is crucial for marketers who are interested in planning the product line launches and other post-purchase engagement strategies such as buy-back scheme and upgrades.

Social implications

Understanding the psychological mechanisms that explain individual’s likelihood to replace their durable goods allows policymakers to design appropriate interventions to induce more sustainable and efficient use of durable goods in the market. While on one hand, marketers might be interested in increasing sales of their product line by inducing faster replacement of older product versions, environmentalists nudge towards the opposite. This paper provides a possible way to achieve the dual objectives.

Originality/value

While past research on downstream effects of payment methods on behavioral outcomes focused only on consumables, the authors focus on durable goods. Further, they identify the effect of payment method on both psychological and behavioral outcomes.

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Journal Articles | 2018

Reforming agricultural markets in India: A tale of two model Acts

Sukhpal Singh

Economic & Political Weekly

The union Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare had prescribed a model Agricultural Produce Marketing Committee Act in 2003. The state-level adoption of the act has been tardy and varied in terms of both the magnitude and content of agricultural market reforms. Yet, the ministry under the current central government has come up with another model act, the Agricultural Produce and Livestock Marketing (Promotion and Facilitation) Act, 2017, supposedly an improvement over the 2003 act. Among other things, the provision that has grabbed much attention is the removal of contract farming from the APMC domain to a separate model act of Agricultural Produce and Livestock Contract Farming and Services (Promotion and Facilitation). Analysing these draft acts, the paper finds that both the model acts suffer from serious conceptual lacunae that have implications for their application and governance, and, consequently, for inclusive and sustainable agricultural development.

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Journal Articles | 2018

Team emotion diversity and performance: The moderating role of social class homogeneity

Jiping Li, Anran Li, Prithviraj Chattopadhyay, Elizabeth George, and Vishal Gupta

Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice

This article examines a particular village—Kunkeri—in Konkan, Maharashtra, characterized by persistent mass outmigration for over five decades, by combining a field study in 2017 with detailed ethnographic and statistical baseline data collected by the Census of India in 1961 and 1987. It documents the increase in outmigration rates, catch-up in outmigration intensities by the lowest castes to those of the upper castes, diversification of household migration strategies and outmigrants’ occupations, the lessening of single-male migration strategies, the presence of a diasporic association and the growing significance of commuting and migration for education. Yet, despite mass outmigration and a general rise in the standard of living across castes, we observe strong continuity in the distribution of castes and land ownership structures within Kunkeri. These findings point to both the transformative and status-quo preserving features of persistent mass migration from rural India.

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Journal Articles | 2018

Telemedicine for low resource settings: Exploring the generative mechanisms

Rajesh Chandwani and Rahul De

Technological Forecasting and Social Change

Information Communication and Technology for Health (ICT4H) initiatives, such as telemedicine, can potentially bridge the gap between the health care services available in rural and urban areas. However most of such initiatives have not been able to sustain or obtain optimal results. Comprehending knowledge about what drives success in telemedicine initiatives would be highly valuable for practitioners, policymakers and academicians. In this study, through a qualitative analysis of doctor-patient interactions over a telemedicine initiative in India, we attempt to identify the mechanisms that can enable successful telemedicine interventions. Based on the perspective of critical realism, we explore the phenomenon through the lens of ‘generative mechanisms’. Specifically, we identify three different mechanisms that underlie successful telemedicine, namely, (1) Mechanism of rich connectivity, which refers to the expanding scope of information flow between the nodes to include multiple aspects- clinical, managerial and technological; and both online and offline communication; (2) Mechanism of tutoring, which involves learning and skill development of the peripheral doctor; and (3) Mechanism of moulding, which concerns the moulding of naïve patients to expert patients, both in technology use and self management of disease. In addition, the paper demonstrates the efficacy of critical realism as a philosophical perspective for providing substantive insights in the field of ICT4H initiatives.

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Journal Articles | 2018

Energy system transitions and macroeconomic assessment of the Indian building sector

Saritha S. Vishwanathan, Panagiotis Fragkos, Kostas Fragkiadakis, Leonidas Paroussos, and Amit Garg

Building Research & Information

India’s energy sector has grown rapidly in recent years with buildings playing a major role as they constitute about 40% of India’s final energy demand. This paper provides a quantitative model-based assessment of the evolution of India’s building sector in terms of both energy systems transition and its macroeconomic implications. The coupling of a bottom-up technology-rich energy system model with a macroeconomic computable general equilibrium (CGE) model provides an innovative approach for the in-depth robust analysis of the energy transition in India’s building stock and the induced macroeconomic and employment impacts on the Indian economy. Two main scenarios are explored, namely: the business-as-usual (BAU) and the advanced nationally determined contribution (Adv. NDC) scenarios. The investigation shows that efficiency improvements are vital to counteract the upward pressure on energy demand in the building sector. Energy demand in the building sector results in an increase of CO2 emissions by 27% between 2015 and 2030 due to the technology transition from inefficient solid fuels (traditional biomass) to cleaner energy (liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), piped natural gas (PNG)) before shifting to electricity. The Adv. NDC scenario also leads to a shift in employment from agriculture and towards sectors that benefit from the implementation of Adv. NDC, especially in the construction sectors, electricity and manufacturing sectors.

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Journal Articles | 2018

India in 2 C and well below 2 C Worlds: Opportunities and challenges

Saritha S. Vishwanathan, Amit Garg, Vineet Tiwari, and P.R. Shukla

Carbon Management

India's contributions to meeting global mean temperature increases of 2 °C or well below 2 °C would require transformational changes in its energy systems. A bottom-up model analyzes alternate futures (reference, intended nationally determined contributions and low-carbon scenarios) assuming equal per-capita cumulative emissions rights from 2011 through 2050. The cumulative CO2 budget for India for low-carbon scenarios during this period is estimated to be around 115 Bt-CO2, as against 165 Bt-CO2 for the reference scenario. To achieve such emission reductions, while maintaining high economic growth and meeting sustainable development goals, the paper projects that a range of endemic transformations are required such as shifting toward cleaner fuels, resource efficient technologies, widespread use of Information and communication technology (ICTs) to balance demand and supply (e.g. smart grids), substituting demand in transport (e.g. work from home), aggressive promotion of renewables, lifestyle changes, and CO2 capture, storage and use. Modeling decarbonization to meet the needs of the increasing population and urbanization faces myriad challenges due to the distributed nature of technologies used to provide various services, involving risks and uncertainties. The paper finally outlines specific opportunities and challenges faced to meet the increased mitigation ambition to limit the warming to 2 °C and below.

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Journal Articles | 2018

'I show off, so I am well off': Subjective economic well-being and conspicuous consumption in an emerging economy

Saravana Jaikumar, Ramendra Singh, and Ankur Sarin

Journal of Business Research

Conspicuous consumption may be explained by the need to signal higher social status in a society. However, whether this consumption actually translates to improved perception of well-being remains unexamined. In the emerging economy context, we argue that conspicuous consumption may play the role of elevating one's own perception of economic well-being. Further we hypothesize the effect to be higher for the households in the ‘bottom of the pyramid’ (BOP). Using data from a panel of 34,621 households from India Human Development Surveys (2004 and 2011), we examine the relationship between conspicuous consumption and subjective economic well-being (SEWB) using several empirical strategies. Results support our hypotheses that higher conspicuous consumption may result in improved SEWB and that the effect is higher for households in the BOP. Our findings contribute to the domain of conspicuous consumption and BOP in emerging markets. Further, our results have significant marketing and policy implications.

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