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2757 items in total found

Working Papers | 2002

Empowering Conservators of Biodiversity and Associated Knowledge Systems: An Intellectual Property basedframework

Anil K. Gupta

Biotechnological and other value adding options provide an opportunity for valorising the biodiversity and associated knowledge systems. In the absence of this value addition, the erosion of biodiversity as well as traditional knowledge and contemporary creativity is inevitable. An argument is made for reforming the current IPR system so as to provide incentives for local communities and other innovators. The reforms are suggested in the field of definition of prior art, reduction of transaction cost, disclosure of source of knowledge and material, developing international registry, modifying plant varieties registration process. Finally, suggestions are made for improving the overall institutional framework at national and international level.

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Working Papers | 2002

Should we save, what servesonly human ends? A review on Environmental Ethics

Anil K. Gupta and Sinha Riya

Ethical dilemma arise in pursing conservation of environment at different levels. In this paper, we review various ethical philosophies and identify the determinants of responsibility. Boundary of pain, responsibility arising out of greater human purpose, eco centrism or deep ecological ethics, and socio-psychological roots of ethical consciousness are some of the guiding forces generating this responsibility. The paper concludes by identifying the process of internal commands replacing the external demands as a dominant institutional process for resolving ethical dilemma. The emergence of global responsibility, invariably generates pressure for evolving ethical norms with universal application. A discourse on ecological ethics we argue, must become much more pervasive if environmental conservation has to move beyond the concern of urban, intellectual advocates and become a grassroots movement.

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Working Papers | 2002

Mispricing of Volatility in theIndian Index Options Market

Jayanth R. Varma

This paper examines the relationship between index futures and index options prices in India. By using futures prices, we eliminate the effect of short sale restrictions in the cash market that impede arbitrage between the cash and derivative markets. We estimate the implied (risk neutral) probability distribution of the underlying index using the Breeden-Litzenberger formula on the basis of estimated implied volatility smiles. The implied probability distribution is more highly peaked and has (with one exception) thinner tails than the normal distribution or the historical distribution. The market appears to be underestimating the probability of market movements in either direction, and thereby underpricing volatility severely. At the same time, we see some overpricing of deep-in-the-money calls and some inconclusive evidence of violation of put-call-parity. We also show that the observed prices are rather close to the average of the intrinsic value of the option and its Black-Scholes value (disregarding the smile). This is another indication of volatility underpricing.

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Working Papers | 2002

Organizational Decline andTurnaround Management: Empirical Study of a Government Owned AutomobileCompany

Sunil Kumar Maheshwari

Performance of an organization is an outcome of its series of action choices in response to the changes in business environment or independently. Such choices are influenced by the leadership characteristics, organizational characteristics and perceived munificence of the environment. Strategic actions such as location of plant, selection of CEO, product-market domain initiatives, expansion, thrust on quality and quantity influence the long term survivability of companies. The paper examines the linkage of action choices with macro organizational variables during decline and turnaround phase of an automobile company.

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Working Papers | 2002

Downsizing: Some Aspects ofCommunication and Social Impact

M. M. Monippally and Dholakia Jigisha

This study, being essentially empirical in nature, is based on primary data relating to Indian organizations. The primary data has been collected through a sample survey based on a questionnaire focusing on the following aspects of organizational communication: (a) Nature of Communication, focusing on the proportion of working time spent in talking and listening and also the perceived extent of non-verbal communication. (b) Communication Content, focusing on the communication of compliments and criticism across levels. (c) Communication Outcomes, focusing on the communication goof-ups and the degree of satisfaction with ones communication dealings within the organization. An attempt has been made in the study to try and examine communication dealings by differentiating between the people working in the Corporate & Academic organizations; and Males & Females. The study highlights significant differences between males and females in terms of several aspects of organizational communication. There are a few differences in some aspects of organizational communication between the people working in the corporate and academic organizations. In most cases, the differences in the given aspects of organizational communication across categories and levels observed in this study seem to corroborate the broad conceptual patterns emerging from the available literature on organizational communication.

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Working Papers | 2002

Capital Structure and MarketPower

Pandey I M

This paper provides new insights on the way in which the capital structure and market power and capital structure and profitability are related. We predict and show that capital structure and market power, as measured by Tobins Q, have a cubic relationship. That is, at lower and higher ranges of Tobins Q, firms employ higher debt, and reduce their debt at intermediate range. This is due to the complex interaction of the market conditions, agency problems and bankruptcy costs. We also show saucer-shaped relation between capital structure and profitability because of the interplay of agency costs, costs of external financing and debt tax shield. To our knowledge, we are the first to uncover these results.

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Working Papers | 2002

New Trends in SensitivityTraining

Parikh Indira J and Jayavelu S

Sensitivity Training (ST) is process through which an individual explores the journey of human existence to ask some basic questions of life, life space, role space, relationships, nature of relationships, nature of interface across many roles, relationships & spaces and above all questions about ones own life and purpose of life. ST has many forms; each of the form has its own philosophies. This paper traces the historical roots of sensitivity training in Tavistock Institute (UK) and the National Training Laboratory (USA). The historical development of (ST) in India from 1957 and the formation of Indian Society for Applied Behavioral Science (ISABS) in 1971, Indian Society for Individual and Social Development (ISISD) in 1979 and later in 1996 Sumedhas - The Academy of Human Context are discussed. Human Processes Approach (HPA) as practiced by Sumedhas is elaborated and its departure from the traditional sensitivity training methodology and new applications of sensitivity training like Bindu Lab and Learning Theatre is elaborated. The Indian and western forms of sensitivity training differ the content, process and the underlying perspectives. The two perspectives of sensitivity training are compared along with the differences in application in organizations. The HPA can be applied in organizations through unstructured sensitivity training labs, semi-structured labs and structured workshops. Unstructured labs are those that are called as Personal Growth Lab, Explorations in Roles and Identity, Interpersonal labs and so on. Semi-structured labs include Interface labs, Leadership labs, Self-renewal labs and Visioning & Co-creating labs. Structured workshops address managerial and leadership roles, team building & building a cross-functional team, integrating EQ across multiple roles and systems, managing cross cultural diversity, interpersonal and group dynamics, and dynamic equilibrium between personal and professional lives.

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Working Papers | 2002

An Optimization Based DecisionSupport Systemfor Strategic and Operational Planning inProcess Industries

Goutam Dutta and Robert Fourer

Working Papers | 2002

Obtaining Near OptimalSolutions for the Binary Knapsack Problem

Diptesh Ghosh and Boris Goldengorin

In this paper we consider the well-known binary knapsack problem. We propose a method of embedding heuristicsi in a branch and bound framework to optain solutions with profits within a pre-specified quality parameter within very short times. Our computational experiements on the more deficult problems show that algorithm can genrate solutions with profits within 0.01% of that of an optimal solution in less than 10% of the time required by exact algorithms based on similar priciples.

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Working Papers | 2002

Air-Cooling and Heating Systemfor Tiger in Zoo using Earth Tube Heat Exchanger

Girja Sharan, Sahu R K, and Jadhav Ratan

A specially designed air-cooling (and heating) system using Earth Tube Heat Exchanger (ETHE) was installed in the dwelling of a 15-year old white tiger (Panthera tigris) named Mahesh at Kamala Nehru Zoological Garden, Ahmedabad (India) in October 2000. This was done to alleviate the stresses experienced by Mahesh in summer, which is long and hot; and in winter nights, which can be quite cold. Summer temperatures in Ahmedabad remain around 40oC for a long time and can reach as high as 45oC. Night temperatures in winter can drop to 10oC or below. The system does both--provide cooling in summer and warming in winter. In winter the system warms up the ambient (cold) air by as much as 10oC at night. In summer the system cools the ambient (hot) air also by as much as 8 - 10oC during the day.

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