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2758 items in total found

Working Papers | 2001

Market Structure and the Demand for Veterinary Services in India

Cees de Hann, Dina Umali-Deininger, and Vinod Ahuja

Public provision of subsidized or free animal health services has been a major component of livestock development strategy in India. Overtime, the governments (both state and central) have built-up vast networks of physical and human infrastructure to provide these services to millions of farmers across the country. The number of state-run veterinary institutions had grown from about 2,000 in 1951 to over 50,000 at the end 1997-98. These institutions employed some 100,000 professionals and para-professionals. But, the quality of service provided by these institutions continues to be poor. Very few of these are equipped with clinical diagnosis facilities. Even those that have some facilities are very old. Lack of facilities for clinical diagnosis is at least in part responsible for indiscriminate use of antibiotics and anti-infectives, leading to high costs of drugs and medicines, and presenting a threat to human health because of the risk of inducing drug resistance.

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Working Papers | 2001

Economic and Policy Issues in the Livestock Service Delivery to the Poor

Elizabeth Redmond and Vinod Ahuja

Livestock are important to millions of poor households across the world not only as a source of income but also as a major source of protein and supplementary nutrition, draft power, fertilizer, fuel and a store of wealth. A large number of rural households across the world own livestock, the majority of them poor. A large majority of livestock owners comprise of small and marginal farmers, who also account for a large share of poor. In general, the distribution of livestock has been found to be more equitable than that of land, leading to a much more equitable distribution of gains from livestock production. This is specially true in subsistence economies with a predominance of smallholder production system. These are also the regions/countries with large concentrations of the poor where the depth of poverty is more severe, and where absolute poverty has shown a rising trend over the last few years.

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Working Papers | 2001

Economic Policy Reforms and Trade Performance of Private Corporate Sector in India

Kapur Deepak and Ravindra H. Dholakia

After 1991-92, India has witnessed widespread policy reforms in order to integrate its economy with the rest of the world. In this fact-finding study, the balance-sheet data of 557 private sector companies are considered over the 16 years period with several ratios and indicators of performance or trade behavior. The companies are divided into exporting and non-exporting groups and annual median values of different ratios are examined fitting linear spline trend with a kink at 1991-92. On the whole, the exporting companies ae performing much better than the non-exporting companies. The policy reforms have, however, helped the non-exporting companies to improve their margins though they have been pushed to the lower end of the domestic markets. The data considered here do not seem to support the hypothesis of a significant shift in the development strategy of the government from import substitution to export promotion.

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Working Papers | 2001

Emotional Intelligence at the Workplace: A preliminary study of male executives in the Public and Private sector organisations

Kaushal Geetika and Dholakia Jigisha

This is a preliminary attempt to study the Emotional Intelligence of the male executives working in the Public sector and the Private sector organisations in India. The purpose of this study is to explore whether the level of emotional intelligence is affected by the place of work. The study is based on primary data. The sample data, based on the responses of fifty participants attending the Management Development Programmes conducted at IIMA, focused on a checklist prepared by the researchers on the basis of the four-cornerstone model developed by Robert Cooper and Ayman Sawaf. Our study revealed that there is a marginal qualitative difference between the public and private sector executives, with regard to their emotional intelligence. However, the magnitude of difference in the mean scores of the Public sector and Private sector executives has not been found to be statistically significant, which implies that our sample data do not provide the required statistical support for the hypothesis that the place of work affects emotional intelligence.

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Working Papers | 2001

In a Freer WTO Trade Regime, Food Industry Must Focus on Quality Management

Satish Y. Deodhar

In the new WTO led freer trade environment, Indian food industry can compete globally only if it is price and quality competitive. While many have addressed price competitiveness, sensitising food industry on the importance of quality competitiveness has become essential. Mainstream management research has studied quality management in manufacturing sector extensively. However, there is scant attention paid to quality management in food sector. I attempt to relate various dimensions of quality and quality management systems in the context of food industry. Although adopting strategic quality management practices needs a basic change in attitude which cannot happen overnight, a tangible beginning can be made in terms of adopting quality assurance system called HACCP.

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Working Papers | 2001

WTO Agreements on SPS & TBT: Implications for Food Quality Issues

Satish Y. Deodhar

Trade liberalization, hoped to be achieved through WTO Agreement on Agriculture (AoA) is expected to lead to export promotion and import substitution opportunities for Indian food sector. However, these opportunities cannot be exploited unless serious attention is paid to two important WTO agreements - Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS) and Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT). Due to the experience and credence nature of food products, trading partners impose import restrictions based on food safety and quality concerns. These concerns are legitimised by SPS and TBT agreements. Hence, to obtain maximum possible benefit from these agreements, India will have to improve its safety and quality norms to match the Codex standards and participate effectively in Codex standard setting meetings. Moreover, it must ask for substantial amendments to some of the articles of these agreements which seem discriminatory in nature. Finally, India will have to strengthen import monitoring mechanisms so that domestic food and phytosanitary laws are effectively applied to imported food items.

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Working Papers | 2001

Slow Pace of Modernization in Fresh Produce Postharvest Systems in Ahmedabad Region

Rawale Kishore and Girja Sharan

In this paper we present a profile of the post harvest system prevailing in Ahmedabad region. Normally the path followed by fresh produce is: farm-APMC market-sub-wholesalers-retailers-consumers. Observations relate to each segment with tomato dealt with more closely. It is argued that considerable detailed engineering work is needed to modernize the system.

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Working Papers | 2001

Building a World Class Organization: Challenges and Opportunities

Parikh Indira J

This paper was presented by the author at the "World HRD Congress" held in January 2001 at Mumbai. The paper reflects upon past, present and future of Indian organizations. Indian organizations have not been able to keep pace with internal and external change in the environment. The liberalisation of the Indian economy in the 1990s has made it imperative that to become "World Class" and remain competitive, organizations need to incorporate many changes. They need to adopt good management practices, policies, strategic perspective and people processes but also new technology. They also need to have superb leaders. Those Indian organizations that have introduced state-of-the-art technology and made structural changes however have found that simultaneous and multiple initiatives has generated anxieties in the minds of the people involved. The role of the leaders in organizations have moved from Phase I (when the organization or leader has direct interaction with most employees), to Phase II, (where the organization become more task focused and formulated some long term strategies), to Phase III (when the organization has expanded, has professionals focused on tasks, quality and excellence), and a synergy is brought about amongst various functions. This paper then defines the concept, "Organizational Excellence" and gives a few examples of Indian CEO's who have attained "World Class" status for themselves and their organization. Finally, the paper has taken an in-depth view of one Indian organization-namely Mahindra & Mahindra, Farm Equipment Sector, (FES) and has studied the organization how over a time period of almost five years. The FES has adopted BPR and refocused on core areas thus, transforming themselves from being a traditional organization to moving toward a "World Class" organization. The role of the corporate team, the leadership and the employees are the critical factors. There are many lessons to be learnt from the FES experience, the author has identified the following: 1.Incremental excellence versus multiple and simultaneous initiatives; 2. Leadership commitment versus collective commitment to change; 3. Internally directed change versus consultant facilitated change; 4. Introduction and implementation versus sustainability and enduring change; 5. Organization and individual excellence versus work ethos and work culture; 6. Challenges and opportunities for the organization versus giving shape to the institution; 7. Building new traditions and creating pride in the product, organization and the country; 8. Self discipline collective discipline and systemic discipline.

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Working Papers | 2001

A Study of Organizational Role Stress in relation to Job Burnout among University Teachers

Azeem Syed Mohd and Pestonjee D M

The present study investigates the relationships between organizational role stress and job burnout among university teachers. The sample consisted of (N=300) university teachers, which has been classified into three groups of 100 each. The results of the study indicate that organizational role stress is highly correlated with job burnout among all the three groups of teachers (Lecturers, Readers and Professors). Lecturers have higher level of role stress as compared to other two counterparts and are found to be significantly different from Readers and professors on demographic variables and their level of role stress and emotional exhaustion. Readers are found to be significantly different on Role Erosion, Role Overload, Self-Role Distance, Resource Inadequacy and Total ORS from the Professors but not found to be significantly different on the level of job burnout. Professors are found to have least amount of the level of stress and burnout as compared to Readers and Lecturers. Stepwise multiple regression analyses suggested that Total ORS, Role Erosion, Role Overload, Resource Inadequacy, Role Isolation, and Role Ambiguity are common Significant predictors of job burnout among all these three groups.

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Working Papers | 2001

A Preliminary Study of Psychological Aftereffects of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD Caused by Earthquake: The Ahmedabad Experience

Pandey Satish C and Pestonjee D M

The present study is a preliminary study intended to investigate a various psychological symptoms related to post-traumatic stress caused by an earthquake of severe magnitude. The main objective of this study was to investigate psychological symptoms, which appeared in earthquake-affected people's behavior. Because this study was a preliminary study, so, no hypothesis was tested in this case. Another objective of this study is to collect information about psychological symptoms that may be used in developing a psychometric tool to measure Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (Earthquake-specific). This study was conducted on a small sample of 54 people (Males = 34, Females = 20), selected by incidental sampling method. The age range of the sample varies from 18 to 62 yrs (average age = approximately 35 yrs.). The sample includes students, professionals, employees of educational institution, doctors and older people, too. These people were interviewed by a semi-structured interview schedule, intended to explore their feelings after the earthquake experience. Most of the people included in this study were residents of single-storied to ten-storied buildings. Apart from interview, the findings of this study are also supported by the researcher's observation of people's verbal and non-verbal behavior, as observed during the interview process. The interviews conducted in this study varied from 10 to 30 minutes, depending upon the interviewees' cooperation to the researcher. The findings of this study has identified anxiety reactions, phobic reactions, hyperarousal, hypervigilance and overalertness, psychosomatic disorders related to nightmares, insomania, loss of appetite, eating disorders, high or low B.P., shivering of various body parts and hypertension, depression, and frustration and anger, as major psychological aftereffects of earthquake-induced post-traumatic stress disorder. Being a qualitative research, the researchers advise to generalize findings of this study carefully.

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