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2761 items in total found

Working Papers | 2000

Wheat Economy of India: A Study Of The Growth, Development and International Trade Prospects

John Mellor, Zhang-Yue Zhou, and Vasant P. Gandhi

India is now the second largest producer of wheat in the world even though it is only the seventh largest in land area. It produces about 70 million tons of wheat per year or about 12 per cent of the world production. Being second largest in population, it is also second largest in wheat consumption, after China, with a huge and growing wheat demand. What is the nature of the wheat economy of India? How has wheat production increased in India? Will it be able to keep pace with consumption growth? What are the prospects and the market environment for international trade? This paper seeks to explore and examine these issues. Analysis indicates that depending on the rate and nature of economic growth, a 4 to 5 per cent annual rate of growth in the demand for wheat is likely in the near future, given the population growth and the income elasticity of demand. Wheat production may be expected to grow at about 2 to 3 per cent per year considering the various constraints. The outcome will depend substantially on the rate and nature of economic development in India. Good performance in economic development will lead to a deficit whereas slow economic development will lead to a surplus. Promoting rapid economic development which includes the poor and particularly the rural poor will lead to significant growth in demand.

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Working Papers | 2000

Resourcefulness: A Proximal Conceptualisation of Entrepreneurial Behaviour

Kumar E Sendil and Misra Sasi B

This paper highlights the confusions surrounding prevailing conceptualizations of entrepreneur/entrepreneurship that have limited our understanding and predictability of the phenomenon. An alternative conceptualisation viewed as Entrepreneurial Resourcefulness that integrates cognitive as well as motivational aspects and focuses on entrepreneurial behaviour is proposed. The model is deemed proximal rather than distal in nature.

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Working Papers | 2000

Semiotic Analysis

Kaushal Geetika

The present study is an application of the principles of semiotic analysis to the content and the expression of the advertisement of Horlicks produced in 1994. The study derived a framework for semiotic analysis, which included, observing the traits of focal character, the technical aspects, surroundings and the background. On the basis of this framework, the meaning of the advertisement (as emerging from cultural stereotyping by Indian audience) was understood. It was concluded that the advertisement appealed only to traditional Indian housewives.

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Working Papers | 2000

Emotional Intelligence

Dholakia Jigisha

We, as individuals, would have often felt that there is something much more than our 'traditional intellect' or IQ, which opens the golden gates of success. This paper has attempted to answer as to what is this 'something'. It is the 'intelligence of the heart' or EQ-"knowing how you and others feel and what to do about it". An understanding of the components of Emotional Intelligence enables us to appreciate the importance of our feelings. By managing our feelings and taking charge of our lives, we can integrate our intelligence (IQ) and our emotions (EQ) to provide ourselves with directions. The paper then goes on to include some Research Findings of various studies done on EI, thereby bringing home the advantages of high Emotional Intelligence.

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Working Papers | 2000

Theoretical and Policy Making Contributions of Research on Agricultural Economics: A Success or Failure or Neither?

Desai B M

This paper discusses following five issues by briefly considering the historical context of agriculture, innate biological nature of production process in agriculture, and initial conditions that agriculture inherited at the time of Independence in 1947: (1) Strengths and weaknesses of major research in agricultural economics, (2) Strengths and weaknesses of agriculture, (3) Impact on the political will of India to develop agriculture more rapidly, (4) Changes required in research in and policies for agriculture and those in other major branches of economics for more rapid sustainable development of agriculture, and (5) A brief epilogue on the title of the paper.

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Working Papers | 2000

Attitudes towards work and family roles and their implications for career growth of women

Deepti Bhatnagar and Rajadhyaksha U

In this paper the authors attempted to understand attitudes towards work and family roles of professional men and women in India. Propositions based on the adult development theories of men and women, regarding reward value derived from and commitment made to the occupational, parental, marital and homemaker roles over the life cycle, were tested. Results indicated that there was no change with age, in attitudes towards the occupational and homemaker roles. Instead, attitudes towards these roles differed according to respondent's sex. Attitudes towards the marital and parental roles varied across the life cycle, though not in keeping with propositions based on the adult development theories of men and women. There was no reversal in attitudes towards work and family roles of men and women after mid-life. Rather, some reversal in attitudes appeared to occur between the marital and parental roles, over the life span of both men and women. Results are reviewed within the Indian context and their implications for the career development of women are discussed.

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Working Papers | 2000

Leadership Styles and Influence Tactics

Parvinder Gupta and J. B. P. Sinha

Two hundred nine MBA (Masters in Business Administration) students of a management institute rated their leadership styles and influence tactics as a part of their classroom exercise. The findings indicated that they preferred to adopt nurturant-task (NT) and participative styles more frequently than transformational style. Authoritarian style of leadership was least likely to be adopted by them. The first three styles were positively correlated suggesting the possibility of leaders moving back and forth between the styles. Rational persuasion and empowerment were most likely to be used as influence tactics, followed by personal appeal and consultation, reward for performance, use of authority, and so on. Although leadership styles were meaningfully related to influence tactics, there were enough overlaps to suggest that leaders flexibly use styles and influence tactics.

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Working Papers | 2000

Managerial Compensation in India: A Test of Alternative Models

Bhattacherjee Debashish and Manjari Singh

This study attempts to econometrically model the determinants of managerial compensation in the Indian economy making use of a pooled cross-section and time-series data base that consists of 157 managers from eight companies for the time period 1977-97. The paper tests for the empirical validity of four alternative models/explanations of corporate compensation: firm performance, managerial discretionary power, human capital, and the tournament-based pay structure. The earning equations are developed for testing the various hypotheses and a generalised linear regression framework is used for analysing the data.

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Working Papers | 2000

Some Solutions for Abstract Games: Axiomatic Characterisations

Lahiri Somdeb

In this paper we consider binary relations which are reflexive and complete. Such binary relations are referred to in the literature as abstract games. Given an abstract game a (game) solution is a function which associates to each subset a non-empty collection of points of the subset. An important consequence of this framework is that often, a set may fail to have an element which is best with respect to the given binary relation. To circumvent this problem the concept of the top cycle set is introduced, which selects from among the feasible alternatives only those which are best with respect to the transitive closure of the given relation. The top cycle set is always non-empty and in this paper we provide an axiomatic characterization of the top-cycle solution. It is subsequently observed that the top cycle solution is the coarsest solution which satisfies two innocuous assumptions. In the final section of this paper we address the problem of axiomatically characterizing the uncovered solution (where 'covering' is now defined as a 'menu-based' concept).

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Working Papers | 2000

Preservation of Proximity and Merging Functions

Lahiri Somdeb

In this paper we are interested in a property due to Baigent (1987) called proximity preserving. In the conventional model of voting theory it was proposed by Baigent that aggregation procedures should be proximity preserving in the sense that given three preference profiles if the second is closer to the first than the third according to an additively separable metric then the second social ranking should also be closer to the first social ranking compared to the third social ranking. In this framework distance between profiles is measured as the sum of distances between the preferences of each agent. In this paper we assume a metric on the space of alternatives and thereby generate an entire family of metrics on ballot profiles. An interesting special case of our family of metrics is the distance between two profiles measured as the sum of the distances between the candidates of each agent on the two ballot profiles. In this framework we obtain the result that there is no merging function which satisfies anonymity and the proximity preservation property. A particular case of a merging function is when the universal set of alternatives is finite and the elected outcome is required to be a candidate who must have received at least one vote. We call such merging functions vote aggregators. It therefore follows as a consequence of the above result that there is no vote aggregator which satisfies anonymity and the proximity preservation property. Two similar results, one about social welfare functions and the other about social decision functions can be found in Baigent (1987). However, not only is the context of our analysis different, but the method of proof bears little resemblance to the ones available in the work just cited.

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