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Working Papers | 1993

Modelling of Industrial Sector in Macroeconometric Models of Indian Economy

Rastogi A B

Modelling of the Industrial Sectors has been ad-hoc in macro models. The proportion of industrial sector out in nation output has steadily increased but modellers have ignored the link between industrial sector output and employment. There are various reasons for that. The scenario of industrial sector is changing rapidly and far-reaching changes are taking place in the economy. It has become imperative for the modellers to model industrial sector with its links with employment generation in the economy and policy variables which affect the industrial sector production. As service sector is gaining importance in the economy, it would be ideal to explore links between service sector and industrial sector output and services sector's potential to generate employment in the economy.

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Working Papers | 1993

Universities and the Horizons of the Future

Giri Ananta

Ours is a time of fundamental changes. Changes in our economy and politics, revolutionary manifestation of new technologies and the whole host of contemporary forces are shattering our taken-for-granted assumptions about self and society. In this contemporary context of epochal change and challenge reflection is also taking place on the nature of universities. Serious commentators in this field such as former Harvard president Derek Bok tells us that universities have to pay more attention to the way they can inculcate moral values in those who belong to it and the way they can be a source of creative transformation in and pleads for more commitment to creativity from all those who care about knowledge and society in our contemporary times.

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Working Papers | 1993

The Guest for A Universal Morality: Habermas and Sri Aurobindo

Giri Ananta

Morals in the sociological and anthropological discourse have been looked at as a construction of culture and as an appendage of social norms. In the conventional sense, moral development culture. But such a notion of morality and moral development ignores the question of the Being and the universal issues of justice, well-being and freedom. In this context, psychologist Lawrence Kohlberg speaks of the post-conventional stage of moral development when the individual differentiates “his on her self from the rules and expectations of others and defines his or her values in terms of self-chosen ethical principles.” Such a post-themselves from the “historical coloration of particular form of life" and transcend the “unjust” givens of their native cultures. Such a moral awareness also prepares the ground for a genuine universality. The present paper looks into the issue of universal morality in the context of contemporary structural and discursive transformation, which is marked by globalisation. The paper discusses the work of German philosopher Jurgen Habermas and Indian spiritual prophet Sri Aurobindo and critically looks at different paths for the quest for universal morality in out contemporary world, which is marked by a hegemonic ascendancy of power and money as currencies of life, and a pervasive demoralisation of discourse.

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Working Papers | 1993

Income and Price Elasticities in India Trade

Gupta G S and Keshava H

The paper estimates the export and import function for India both at the aggregate (rest of the world) as well as the important individual country levels, using annual time series data for the period 1960-61 through 1990-91. It finds that the income elasticities of trade are significant and that this elasticity is significantly higher for imports than exports, implying the possibility of the worsening trade balance with the growth in economies. The trade is generally price inelastic but this elasticity is generally higher for exports than imports. The sum (absolute) of the two price elasticities generally exceeds unity and thus satisfies the Marshall-Lerner condition for the effectiveness of devaluation in regulating the trade imbalance. The impact of the 1966 devaluation is found significant more with regard to imports than exports, and the post 1980 liberalization policy has produced desirable impact on India globalization. Based on the estimated trade elasticities and the last five years average growth rates in the trade determinants, the growth rates in India's real exports and imports have been projected at 4.1% and 5.4% respectively, and accordingly a worsening of the trade imbalance has been foreseen in the coming years.

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Working Papers | 1993

Creative Approaches in Advertising in India in the Early Nineties - What Criteria

Mokhopadhyay Sipra

The paper developed while exploring the anomaly that the best adjusted creatives are not necessarily the best performers, despite uniformity in other marketing inputs. It examines (1) current trends in creative approaches, how do these fit in with the existing typologies and exhibit a blend resulting from adaptation to local culture, (2) the criteria used for assessing a creative and the missing links. Findings indicate that image, execution and common touch are the most frequently used strategies. While judicious adaptation of creative helps, transplants can only work for a few low involvement product, consumption of which is not influenced by culture. A set of criteria must take into account market competition, state of the buyer, PLC, product and media characteristics. Successful creatives have ensured that the target audience is about to realise 'identity with self' likes the ad and feels involved.

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Working Papers | 1993

Revealed Preference and Utilitarianism in Multiattribute Choice Problems

Lahiri Somdeb

In this paper we have investigated two related issues: (a) representability of a choice function: (b) characterization of a representable choice functions, namely the utilitarian choice function. Probably the most well-known representable choice function is the one due to Nash (1950), which is characterized by properties similar to those which characterize the utilitarian choice function, except that instead of shift invariance we have scale invariance for Nash's solution. Our proof of representability is simpler and easier to comprehend than most other proofs existing in the literature. Our characterization of the utilitarian choice function is both elegant and concise. The meaningfulness of the properties characterizing this solution, should enhance its appeal as a choice function.

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Working Papers | 1993

How Managers Kindle Learning Processes

Ramanarayan S and Nair K Unnikrishnan

Organizational learning occurs when the insights and learnings of individual organization members are transferred to the larger organizational system. This paper examines how senior managers create processes which enable this transfer to take place effectively. It presents an empirical study, conducted in seven major sub units of a large, national organization engaged in R&D and project management. The various dimensions of organizational learning are: developing clear focus on objectives and plans for internal integration; being sensitive to people potential and needs; generating concern for long term planning and success; supporting experimentation/creativity; scanning the environment; and generating triggers for change and attending to development of capabilities. The results suggest that organizational processes do bear a significant association to these learning dimensions. Hence, for managers with the vision of building learning organizations, the effective management of organizational processes become crucial for fostering learning. Managers adopting developmental or nurturant-task styles of leadership, proactive methods of conflict management, and having an explicit agenda of change and innovation contribute to organizational learning. Further, the study shows that learning organizations are also high performance organizations. Some of the important themes that emerge from the study are: the necessity for empowerment of organizational members to take up learning challenges; supportive, nurturant, and facilitating approach of managers towards unlearning and relearning; and the significance of team learning.

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Working Papers | 1993

A Note on Expansion Independence in Multiattibute Choice Problems

Lahiri Somdeb

Two appealing independence properties have been used by us to characterize the egalitarian, utilization and relative egalitarian choice functions.

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Working Papers | 1993

Axiomatic Characterization of the Cao Choice Function for Multiattribute Choice Problems

Prakash Aseem

In this paper we provide an axiomatic characterization of a choice function due to Cao (1981) multiattribute choice problems.

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Working Papers | 1993

Axiomatic Characterization of the Equal Loss Choice Function for Multiattribute Choice Problems

Lahiri Somdeb

In this paper we provide an axiomatic characterization of the equal loss choice function for multiattribute choice problem.

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