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2757 items in total found

Working Papers | 1992

Valid Inequalities and Facets for the Multi-Product Capacitated Lot-Sizing Problem with Changeover Costs

Magnanti T L and Sastry Trilochan

The polyhedral structure of various versions of the single item lot-sizing problem have been studies previously. These include the uncapacitated and capacitated versions of the problem, with and without changeover costs. However, the polyhedral structure of the multi item problem has not been studied in detail. In this paper we describe several classes of inequalities and facets for the multi item capacitated lot-sizing problem with changeover costs. Some of these facets are valid for the uncapacitated problem as well. We also solve the separation problem for some inequalities.

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Working Papers | 1992

Developing H.R.D. Professionals Through Distance Education: An Experiment

T. V. Rao

This paper describes a diploma programme in HRD being offered by the Academy of Human Resource Development in distance education mode to prepare HRD professionals for the HRD function. This diploma ranging over an 18 month period has been started recently. Application oriented assignments, mentors, organisational sponsorship and support to candidates, and the accreditation system are some interesting characteristics of the distance education. Although expensive due to small number, lack of subsidy and high involvement of professional experts, this diploma programme has thrown up a few lessons for making distance learning involving and useful. The paper highlights the characteristics of the programme and presents lessons for distance education.

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Working Papers | 1992

Negotiation Procedures Converging to Bargaining Solutions

Lahiri Somdeb

An earlier draft of this paper was presented at a workshop on 'Dynamic Systems and Contro' held at IIM (Ahmedabad) in November (1991). I would like to thank the participants of the workshop for their comments. I would also like to thank Prof. William Thomson for encouraging comments on related issues and especially for pointing out to me the conditions guaranteeing the existence of a unique Nash solution.

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Working Papers | 1992

Learning Class Description from Examples Using a Reference Class

Yegneshwar S and Arunkumar S

An important problem of artificial intelligence is learning class description from pre-classified examples. The emphasis of some of the important learning systems such as ID3, INDUCE and CART is to discriminate each class from every other class. In many practical cases such descriptions are very inappropriate. In this paper, we describe a learning system that uses a reference description to learn each class description. The use of the reference description ensures learning of a class description that describes the class in addition to discriminating it from all other classes. Moreover, the description of each class is such that characterising attributes are specified before discriminating attributes. This is a major advantage over an earlier learning system called KAHLE. The reference and class descriptions learnt are shown to converge in the stochastic sense. The class description thus generated is simplified by dropping attributes which do not add to the description in any way. The importance of an attribute for a class is determined from this description. This is used in inference of a test example with missing attribute values. An inference process using the importance of attributes and based on category validity is used to classify test examples. The problem of characterisation of a democrat and a republican based on the machine learning database maintained at the University of California, Irvine is handled well by the proposed system. The results demonstrate that a better description is not at the expense of classification accuracy.

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Working Papers | 1992

Some Comments on the Debate on India Economic Growth in the 1980s

Kumar N Ganesh

In this paper an attempt has been made to identify the exact year in which India broke the so called “hindu” rate of growth by employing the switching regression technique. The study suggests that the year 1981/82 is the point of break. The trend rate of growth of GDP which was 3.52 per cent for the period 1950/51 to 1981/82 significantly increased to 5.15 per cent thereafter. The primary sector exhibited break in the trend in 1980/81 and tertiary sector in 1982/83. The secondary sector showed two breaks viz. 1964/65 and 1981/82. From the results it appears that primary sector has led the process of break in the trend growth of GDP. The substantially high growth rate of GDP in the 1980s is the result of breaks in the growth rate of all the three sectors and not due to secondary and tertiary sectors alone.

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Working Papers | 1992

The Emerging Environment for Business in India - A Scenario

Chhokar J S and M. R. Dixit

The environment for doing business in India has changed substantially in the last couple of years and is likely to change almost radically in the coming years. This paper discusses some of these changes and develops a scenario of the emerging environment for doing business in India.

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Working Papers | 1992

Financing Marketing of Agricultural Inputs

Gurdev Singh and Mann Gurtej Singh

This paper conceptualises the need for stocking agricultural inputs to match supply with their demand. The stocks in turn have to be financed. Because of seasonality in demand the general credit limits extended by the banks to the input enterprises are found to be inadequate. Thus the input enterprises, depending upon the nature of demand for their products, formulate schemes to tap funds available with the channel to partly finance their marketing operations. Here is a case of a seed enterprise which came up with a scheme to collects advances against future supply of certain seed. The case identifies factors that affect the economics of the proposed scheme. It shows that the scheme not only generates the much needed liquidity for the enterprise but also reserves shelf place with the channel and ensures sales at an agreed price.

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Working Papers | 1992

Changing Patterns of Women Identity

Parikh Indira J and Shah Nayana

This paper examines the identity and role taking of Indian women over a period of time. The transition from the agrarian to the industrial/technological era has had a significant impact on the identity patterns of women in India. It has created dilemmas for Indian women in holding the agrarian model of role taking and identity patterns and the emergent new aspirations and choices. Concept of identity consists of four dimensions – meaning making, role taking, action choices and replenishment. These four processes put together, contribute to the emergence of an identity of an individual in a given society. The soci-cultural, familial and organizational influences on women's identity are highlighted. Three patters have emerged in today's times – the adjuster, the asserter and the drifter. Further discussions revolve around role of women's movements and the government. The paper also identifies the barriers to women's growth and their role taking in establishing a relevant status are analysed. New patterns and spaces for the identity of Indian women are explored with special reference to the professional women. Most women experience terror at crossing the threshold to a space beyond the horizon. This space demands that women take charge of her destiny and her life space with membership in multiple roles and multiple systems. With courage of conviction and manage the pathos of the past and the ethos of the present in an ever changing environment.

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Working Papers | 1992

Narasimham Committee Report - Some Further Ramifications and Suggestions

Jayanth R. Varma, Ragunathan V, Chhabra H S, and Bhatt M C

This paper while agreeing with the general thrust of the Narasimham Committee Report. Calls attention to some logical corollaries of the Report and analyses some possible fallout from implementing the Report. We agree with the view that control of banking system should be under an autonomous body supervised by the RBI. However at the level of individual banks, closer scrutiny of lending procedures may be called for than is envisaged in the Report. In a freely functioning capital market the potential of government bonds is enormous, but this necessitates restructuring of the government bond market. The government bonds may then also be used as suitable hedging mechanisms by introducing options and futures trading. We recommend freeing up the operation of pension and provident fund to enable at least partial investment of such funds in risky securities. In the corporate sector, we believe that the current 2:1 debt equity norm is too high and not sustainable in the long term. We envisage that high debt levels and higher interest rates, combined with higher business risk may result in greater incidence of corporate sickness. This may call for various schemes for retrenched workers and amendment to land laws for easy exit of companies. On account of interdependencies across different policies, any sequencing of their implementation may be highly problematic. We therefore suggest a near simultaneity in the implementation of various reforms in order to build up a momentum which would be irreversible if people are to have confidence that the reforms will endure, and if we are to retain our credibility with international financial institutions.

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Working Papers | 1992

Comments on SEBI Draft Takeover Code

Jayanth R. Varma, Ragunathan V, and Dixit R

In this paper an attempt has been made to comment on the contents of the Draft Regulation for 'Substantial Acquisition of Shares in Listed Companies' of SEBI (Consultative Paper 1). The authors broadly concur with the guiding principles, thrust and coverage of the proposed regulation. They wonder whether the open market purchase as outlined in the proposal will fully protect the interests of the small shareholders. Accordingly, the paper argues as to why open market purchases should not be allowed and why all acquirers wishing to exceed the permissible holding must follow the procedure of open tender offers. Further, the paper brings out the need for a specific regulation governing the possibilities of partial and two-step takeovers. Reference is also made to relevant provisions of the UK and US codes in this regard. And finally, it is argued that with respect to takeover defences, the duties of an acquire need to be spelt out explicitly, especially in certain specific areas.

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