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2758 items in total found

Working Papers | 1988

Inter-Industry Tables for Gujarat: Methodology and Estimates

Dholakia Bakul H and Ravindra H. Dholakia

Regional Input-Output tables compatible with the national input-output table can play a crucial role in formulating realistic regional plans and also in ensuring that the spatial dimension is properly incorporated into the national planning model in a large sized multi-region economy like India. The regional I/O table captures the basic differences between the state economy and the national economy in terms of the production structure and technology. An attempt has been made in the present paper to construct the input-output table for Gujarat compatible and consistent with the national I/O table for 1984-85, which formed the basis for the national 7th Five Year Plan. Accordingly, the I/O table prepared for Gujarat consists of 50 sectors and represents commodity flows at current (1984-85) prices. Both the input-output coefficient matrix as well as the input transactions matrix have been presented in the paper. There are two alternative methods for constructing regional I/O tables: The survey-based method and the Non-survey based method. The latter involves regionalising the national I/O matrix. The paper presents both sets of estimates for Gujarat for the year 1984-85. A detailed comparison of the results indicates that if the purpose of constructing regional I/O table is to capture sector-activity-specific differences in the regional technology, the survey-based method should be given priority over the non-survey based method, although the former involves much greater time and effort.

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Working Papers | 1988

Energy Price Impacts Modelling in Agriculture Secor

Tewari Devi D

This paper surveys the voluminous literature on energy price impacts studies; both types of impacts and techniques used to estimate them are reviewed in detail. Different types of energy price impacts are classified into economic and non-economic (environmental) types. An analytical framework is developed to study these impacts in a systems framework. Based on this framework, a price endogenous programming (PENP) model of agriculture sector is suggested to be the best for the energy price impacts estimation in systems approach.

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Working Papers | 1988

An Overview of Pesticides Industry in India

Srivastava Uma Kant and Patel N T

The pesticides industry in India has undergone a rapid growth and structural change in the product mix. This paper attempts to analyse the growth of the production of pesticides over a time and changes in the structure of the product mix, product dominance and flow of materials. The profile of this industry including the technical grade material manufacturers, formulators and dealers is briefly examined. The usage of the pesticides for agricultural and non-agricultural purposes is analysed. The spatial distribution of pesticides consumption is also presented. The issues facing the industry are studied for technical grade material producers, formulators and dealers. This paper also analyses the problems faced by the farmers in buying and using pesticides.

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Working Papers | 1988

Input-Output Tables for Rajasthan: Methodology and Estimates

Ravindra H. Dholakia and Dholakia Bakul H

In the present paper, an attempt is made to construct Input-Output Tables for Rajasthan compatible and consistent with the national I-O tables for the year 1984-85 which formed the basis for the national 7th Five Year Plan. Input-output coefficient matrix and input transaction matrix for Rajasthan are presented for 50 x 50 commodity sectors at the current (1984-85) prices. Both the survey based and non-survey based methods of estimating the I-O tables are used. A detailed comparison of the estimates reveals that non-survey based method used in the paper performs satisfactorily to capture the overall regional differences from the national technology. If, however, the purpose is to capture sector-activity-specific differences in the regional technology, the survey-based method should be preferred over the non-survey based method although it involves much greater time and effort.

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Working Papers | 1988

Social and Professional Context of Growth - Women as Home Makers and Managers

Parikh Indira J and Garg Pulin K

This paper explores the processes of growth of women in both the family and work settings and their role as home-makers and managers. From the family, women acquire male and female role models. They also acquire concept of systems and organisations. Family and the national thrust for education provide opportunities for education and as a consequence career aspirations. From experiences of growing up, women evolve emotive and cognitive maps of both people and systems. They then, crystalize their own role. Some of the roles they form are that of the adjuster, the assertive, the drifter, the unappreciated, the misunderstood and the unaffirmed. Organisations often reinforce these roles. This paper examines the struggle of women to go beyond the above stereotypes of both the social and work roles. They discover that social and work role models of past only take them so far. Beyond that, they have to arrive by trial and error and by resillience and commitment with new action choices and new roles. They have to define new concepts of roles and systems and crystalize a meaningful identity relevant for themselves and both the systems of family and work.

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Working Papers | 1988

Survival under Stress: Socio Ecological Perspective on Farmers Innovation and Risk Adjustments

Gupta Ramesh

Need for closer interactions between natural scientists and farmers to generate relevant technologies is being increasingly recognised. The uniformity of ecological endowment and its correspondence with conditions at research station did not call for reorientation of research strategy for irrigated regions. However, in rainfed regions, we argue in this paper, there is a need to understand farmers' adjustment with risks as well as their experimental ethic. Drawing upon Chinese knowledge dating back to First century B.C., recent evidence from Bangladesh and India, it is suggested that natural scientists should initiate systematic documentation and experimentation on farmers' own knowledge system. It might on one hand expand the frontier of natural sciences and on the other make value addition in local knowledge possible. Knowledge generating systems in high risk rural areas should not be converted into just knowledge receiving system. Further, transfer of science rather than only technology to people should be emphasized in future so that formal and informal R&D can reinforce each other.

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Working Papers | 1988

Interactive Gantt Charting: Features, Data Structures, and Algorithms

V. Venkata Rao and Prasad C Syam

Gantt chart (or bar chart) is a popular tool for developing and displaying job schedules. This paper focuses on software that provides a Gantt chart interface to enable users develop job schedules interactively. Here the Gantt chart is not merely a display format; the chart is used to develop and manipulate a jot schedule. The user can point at different parts of the chart and indicate his requirements. The main features that the paper discusses are forward and backward scheduling of a job, shifting a scheduled operation, interactive specification of heuristics, and Gantt chart colouring. Representation of a Gantt chart by suitable data structures is very important for an efficient implementation of these features. The paper also focuses on the data structures useful in implementing some of the above features.

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Working Papers | 1988

Problems and Prospects of Village Pasture Development Project in a Mixed Economy

Ravindra H. Dholakia

The present case discusses the pasture development (PD) project in Sayla Block of Surendranagar District of Gujarat state in India. The PD project was identified as the key project for the block level plan (BLP) scheme in June 1980. The case brings out merits of the PD project as a rural development project and describes the attitude of the bureaucracy and local polity towards the project. It is shown that a viable rural development project of considerable merit without having any constraints of finance or technical knowhow may also fail to get implemented if the initiative to motivate villagers and mobilize support from necessary corners is missing. Voluntary agencies with commitment are likely to produce spectacular outcome in such cases where the government machinery may not even perceive the potential.

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Working Papers | 1988

Provincial Income Disparity in Canada, 1951 to 1981

Ravindra H. Dholakia

In the present paper, we have examined the pattern of the provincial income disparity in Canada in the benchmark years 1951, 1961, 1971 and 1981. The data reveal that the rankings of provinces have remained more or less the same though the extent of regional disparity in per capita GDP has considerably declined over the 30 year period. Contributions of four factors, viz., labour force participation rate, industrial structure, capital per worker and output-capital ratio in the observed disparity of provincial incomes in the four benchmark years are estimated. Capital per worker played a major role in accounting for the disparity in 1951, but its relative importance is declining over time. Of late, output-capital ratio seems to be more important in accounting for the regional disparity in income levels in Canada. Industrial structure did account for a substantial proportion of regional income inequality in some provinces in 1951. In 1981, however, its relative contribution has only been marginal in all the provinces in Canada.

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Working Papers | 1988

Urgent Issues in Drought Management

Gupta Ramesh

Recent drought in western India is unique for many reasons. The most conspicuous is the fact that it has generated unprecedented apathy and indifference of intellectuals. The situation in Gujarat is all the more paradoxical. The paper draws up an agenda of issues which deserve urgent attention. The problem is looked at from the perspective of those who are unseen victims (i.e. those who had to sell off and/or abandon the livestock just when drought started), those who are receiving the relief but may bot realize any responsibility towards those who are less fortunate and finally those who have benefitted from this drought. While Government can succeed in mobilizing money and material, the skill mobilization is generally beyond its normal capacity. Is it too much to hope that elite in cities getting uninterrupted supply of power and water, will voluntarily demand cut in some other such facilities to contribute towards the mammoth task of drought management?

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