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Working Papers | 1983

Developing Linear Programming Models for Farm Planning

Gurdev Singh

This working paper is developed to highlight the methodology for identification and evaluation of various constraints and minimum requirements of farm firms, identification of feasible activities and computation of their input output coefficients including values of objective function. The model presented in this paper is for both bullock and tractor operated large farms in Central Punjab and the data relates to the agricultural gear 1977-78. As stated earlier the idea was to understand and model the rural environment more accurately such that the solution obtained were practicable. The paper provides a brief description of the profit maximization linear programming model, description of constraints, list of feasible activities and matrix of input output coefficients. Various computing strategies are listed for the users towards the end.

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Working Papers | 1983

Lighting Candles: Impact of Leadership Actions on Institution Building

Ganesh S R and Joshi Padmanabh

This paper uses the metaphor of lighting candles to describe the process of institution building. To illustrate this, it drawn upon the actions of a prolific institution builder like Dr. Vikram Sarabhai in order to distil lessons about the impact of leadership actions on institution building. Through picking up an exceptional personality it attempts to demystify leadership actions surrounding the creation and development of institutions to distil learnings for less exceptional people involved in the task of institution building in various walks of life. It reports empirical data from tow institutions, namely. Ahmedabad Textile Industry's Research Association (ATIRA) and Physical Research Laboratory (PRL) which were founded by Dr. Vikram Sarabhai in 1947. It develops a model of leadership impact on institution building based on five concepts, namely, primacy/centrality of an individual as the core value; dominant leadership strategies of networking or creation of interacting/overlapping clusters, trusting and caring; and multiple leadership roles vis-à-vis the external environment, the internal environment and the interface between the institution and its external environment. It concludes with suggestions for the use of the model for both theoretical and practical purposes.

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Working Papers | 1983

Personal Characteristics and Job Satisfaction - India-Nigeria Comparison

Saiyadain M S

Data were collected on 778 Indian and 620 Nigerian employees representing a variety of organizations. A comparative study was made to see the effect of 7 personal characteristics (Age, Sex, Marital Status, No. of dependents, years of education, years of experience, and annual income) on job satisfaction. Comparisons are made both within and across countries to identify similarities and differences in job satisfaction.

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Working Papers | 1983

Nepal-Asean Economic Relations

Wadhva Charan D and Pradhan Radhe S

This paper highlights the salient features of economic relations between Nepal and the five member countries of the ASEAN (Association of South-East Asian Nations) grouping, namely, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand since 1974-75. The paper is divided into three sections. Section I deals with the survey of trade relations; Section II with the survey of industrial investment in joint ventures and other economic relations; and Section III speculates on the prospects for future economic cooperation between Nepal and the ASEAN countries. Besides analysing the recent trends in the exports, imports and balance of trade of Nepal with the countries of the ASEAN grouping, we have also computed and analysed the behaviour of three types of analytical measures to survey the trends in the trade relations of the countries concerned. These measures are: (1) Kojima indices of trade (export and import) intensities; (2) Grubel-Lloyd indices of movements in intra-industry trade; and (3) Trade reciprocity Index developed by one of the authors. A survey of the economic relations between Nepal and the ASEAN countries leads to the conclusion that considerable scope exists for expanding economic cooperation between Nepal and each of the countries of the ASEAN grouping. The paper identifies some of the avenues for such cooperation in the fields of trade, joint ventures and other services.

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Working Papers | 1983

Integrating Environmental Scanning into Corporate Planning - Need for a Total View

M. R. Dixit

The relevance and future of environmental scanning for corporate planning has become a controversial issue. Some of the recent studies contend that there is no evidence to warrant a conclusion that environmental scanning would become a regular element of corporate planning. While some other studies contend that systematic omnidirectional scanning for planning is on the threshold of rapid growth and development. It is the contention of this paper that what is missing in this controversy is the consideration of the stage of development of the planning system prevailing in the various corporations studied by them. This omission has led to questionable inferences regarding the relevance and future of environmental scanning. The stage of development of the scanning system is contigent on that of the planning system. In support of this, we present a case study describing the process of evolution of the link between formal planning and scanning systems in a large multi product-multi unit corporation in India.

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Working Papers | 1983

India-Asean Economic Relations

Parasher Pradnya

This paper highlights the salient features of economic relations between India and the five member countries of the ASEAN (Association of South-East Asian Nations) grouping, namely, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand since 1970. The paper is divided into four sections. Section I deals with the survey of trade relations; Section II with the survey of investment relations with special reference to the joint industrial ventures; and Section III with the survey of "other" economic relations (such as shipping, tourism and banking). Section IV speculates on some of the prospective areas of expanding economic cooperation between India and the ASEAN countries. Besides analysing the recent trends in the exports, imports and balance of trade of India with each of the member countries of the ASEAN grouping in detail, we have also computed and analysed the behaviour of three types of analytical measures to survey the trends in the trade relations of the countries concerned. These measures are: (1) Kojima indices of trade (export and import) intensities; (2) Grubel-Lloyd indices of movements in intra-industry trade; and (3) Trade Reciprocity Index developed by us. A survey of the economic relations between India and the ASEAN countries leads us to the conclusion that there is a large scope for expanding economic cooperation among these countries in the years to come especially in the area of investment cooperation involving exports of Indian technology, consultancy, management and banking services.

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Working Papers | 1983

From Campus to Community Building: Changing Perspectives and Programmes of Development Agencies

Subramanian Ashok K

The perspective of development of many non-governmental development agencies underwent a change in the 1970s. Consequently, there was a shift in their focus, a way from themselves to the communities they were assisting. However, a preoccupation with operations made any strategic change in programmes a difficult proposition. The paper analysis the experiences of two development programmes, a hospital and a women's handicraft centre, and presents some ssuggestions for action. IT appears that an experimental approach to programme alternatives, learning about the large system from changes in the sub-systems, initiation of participatory planning processes are possibilities for action. It is hypothesised that the degree of dependence on capital intensive technology and the strength of the internal cohesiveness of programme personnel against the shift will determine the incremental or radical nature of the changes implemented.

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Working Papers | 1983

Analysis of Two-Unit Parallel Redundant System - A Review

N. Ravichandran

Ever since Gaver (1963) made an attempt to analyse a two unit parallel redundant system, several attempts have been made by many applied probabilists, engineers to analyse two-unit parallel redundant systems. While various authors have analysed systems with different assumptions on the failure and repair time distribution of the units, the solution to the case where both the failure and repair time distributions are arbitrary does not seem to be easy. In this article a systematic review of the methods that are available to solve the above mentioned system is made. Also, it explains why this particular case is not solvable by the methods like Semi Markov Process and regenerative process etc. Finally, it provides expressions for the measures like reliability, mean time to system failure, and availability for the most general soluable case.

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Working Papers | 1983

Correlation Functions in Reliability Theory

N. Ravichandran and Subramanian R

The point process induced by the stochastic behaviour of a two-unit warm standby redundant repairable system is studied. Expressions for the product densities of the events corresponding to the entry into each of the states and the interval reliability are obtained. The reliability and availability are deduced as special cases.

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Working Papers | 1983

An Upper Bounding Heuristic for Nonlinear Integer Programs

Gupta Omprakash K and Ravindran V

Many optimization problems are formulated as nonlinear mixed integer programming problems. Often practioners, as well as theoreticians, are interested in finding an Upper bound on the objective minimum as fast as possible. An upper bound can be found by locating an integer feasible solution first and then evaluating the corresponding value of the objective function. Given that an algorithm A exists which can generate integer feasible solutions, this paper suggests a heuristic so that the computational efforts are reduced in locating an integer feasible solution. Using the branch and bound procedures, this heuristic is tested on a number of test problems and the corresponding computational results are reported.

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