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2757 items in total found

Working Papers | 2015

A Bayesian Analysis of Racial Differences in Treatment
among Breast-cancer Patients

B. Nandram, Dhiman Bhadra, and Yiwei Liu

It is a well known fact that race and ethnicity specificc variations exist in the treatment and survival of cancer patients. Studies based on breast cancer patients admitted to community hospitals in U.S depicted that there is significant difference in patterns of care between black and white breast cancer patients with blacks receiving lower quality and quantity of care. In this study, we look at this problem from a different perspective, treating the hospitals as small areas, and employing Bayesian techniques for parameter estimation. Two separate models are constructed to estimate the odds ratio of receiving liver scan (a pattern of care) for blacks and whites. The first model uses hospital-specific information while the second one uses pooled hospital data by borrowing strength from neighbouring hospitals. We have used the non-central hyper-geometric distribution as the basis for constructing the likelihood while estimation has been carried out using the griddy Metropolis-Hastings sampler. We apply our methodology on a National Cancer Institute (NCI) database. Although our results corroborate some of the observations from previous studies, it proposes a computationally attractive alternative to the established procedures in formulating and analyzing this problem.

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Working Papers | 2015

Relevance of Resource Based View Themes for Capability Evolution

Sunil Sharma

RBV implicitly assumes omnipotent nature for certain firms. These are the firms that can create rent generating capabilities anytime and therefore forever. While theoretically, it seems plausible, empirically it may remain a utopian imagery. This paper breaks free of such grandiose assumptions and proposes an evolutionary trajectory for idiosyncratic capabilities wherein capabilities evolve by interactive effects among industry participants. The concept of capability life cycle has been extended to include process dimensions through which change occurs. This paper extends concept of capability life cycle by suggesting dimensions of change under each phase.

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Working Papers | 2015

Integrated Framework for Increasing the Effectiveness of Knowledge Networks: Roles of Network Providers and Users

Rekha Jain and Manjari Singh

The National Knowledge Network (NKN) was set up to enhance collaboration amongst higher education (HE) and research institutes. The government of India implemented the NKN to provide connectivity to nearly 5000 institutions, including publicly funded higher education and research institutes. The objective of this paper is to provide an integrated framework for increasing the effectiveness of knowledge networks. We do this by identifying the organizational mechanisms, key processes and competencies required to support HE and research institutes in India that would enable them to exploit the public high speed National Knowledge Network. We examine this from the perspective of Knowledge Network Provider and User Institutes.

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Working Papers | 2015

Multi-processor Exact Procedures for Regular Measures of the Multi-mode RCPSP

Dayal Madhukar and Sanjay Verma

The multi-mode resource-constrained project scheduling problem (MM RCPSP) is an NP-hard problem representing a generalization of the well-studied RCPSP. Depth-first tree search approach by Sprecher & Drexl (1998) is the best-known exact solution tree search procedure for this problem. In this paper we modify an existing breadth-first algorithm for multiple processors. It is a computer-cluster implementation of the breadth-first procedure which improves the solution time taken for these problem instances.

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Working Papers | 2015

Innovation in Business Group Firms: Influence of Network Diversity

Anita Kerai and Sunil Sharma

Extant research on influence of ownership structure on innovation suggests a positive relationship between business group affiliation and innovation. While it is true that firms affiliated to business groups seem to benefit from availability of internal capital, determinants that influence the process of innovation have not been examined. This Paper aims to study the influence of network diversity on innovation for firms affiliated to a business group. We draw upon literature on resource based and principal-agency literature to study nature of knowledge exploration and exploitation by business group firms. We argue that network diversity impacts nature of innovation by business group firms.

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Working Papers | 2015

Linking Team Leaders' Human & Social Capital to their Team Members' Career Advancement

P. Malhotra and Manjari Singh

This paper looks at a conceptual model depicting the impact of high performing Team Leaders (TL) on their team members' career advancement. Certain inherent factors present in high performing TLs are not usually linked to either the development or the career advancement of the team members; however their presence ensures that there is a positive impact. For this study those factors were classified into two main categories-a) Human Capital and b) Social capital. Using Social Learning Theory, one can say that high performing TLs provide modelling stimuli based on live experiences to their team members. Social modelling and learning in this context can further be understood using Social Network Theory. This impact is positively moderated by the strength of the TL-team member dyads, which can be theoretically examined through Leader-Membership exchange and supervisory support.

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Working Papers | 2015

A Model for Internet Governance and Implications for India

Rekha Jain

The rising role of Internet in economic growth and social aspects has brought the significance of Internet Governance to the forefront. New paradigms of Internet Governance recognize the contribution and role of governments, private organizations, civil society and other communities. The borderless and distributed architecture of the Internet substantially differentiates Internet Governance from traditional governance, challenging the established dominant role of nation-states in policy-making. Access, human rights, privacy and standards have become important Internet Governance issues. This has led to an increasing role of nation states.

Many developed countries recommend multi-stakeholder approach where nation-states are only one of the many stakeholders that include private sector and other communities. India's position on Internet Governance recommends a multi-lateral approach which is at variance with emerging scenario globally. This has isolated India and created a negative signal for investment in the ICT sector.

The approach to deal with emergent issues in Internet Governance requires flexibility, ability to incorporate new technologies and international developments. Studies of Internet Governance have not systematically addressed the issue of design of responsive organizations or national systems for effective governance. This paper contributes by addressing this lacuna by:

i) Developing a conceptual model for Internet Governance based on both the underlying architecture of the Internet and a proposed framework for evaluating the perceived legitimacy of the adopted processes and

ii) Combining these two frameworks, we develop the Multi-Tier Open Participation approach for its application to India. This approach not only strengthens domestic Internet Governance, but also increases India's role in regional and international processes.

The study recognizes that Internet Governance principles for India should be in consonance with its democratic ethos and openness and dovetail with the inherent characteristics of the Internet, namely, openness, dynamism, and innovation.

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Working Papers | 2015

Strategic Judgment under Pervasive Uncertainty

Sunil Sharma

Strategic decision making under uncertainty has been typified as an uncertainty mitigation activity. However, this hypothesis breaks down under conditions of very high uncertainty as it demands judgment on the part of managers. Research on this topic is sparse. To decode the black box of judgment under very high uncertainty, this paper uses an unconventional qualitative technique of examining managerial judgment under four anticipation-outcome scenarios. The findings suggest that judgment in a confirmatory scenario is influenced by internal factors such as organizational capabilities. In contrast, judgment in a contradictory scenario is influenced by external factors such as strategy of competitors.

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Working Papers | 2015

Decoding Response Uncertainty

Sunil Sharma

Response uncertainty defined as not knowing how to respond to a known event has been identified as the major uncertainty faced by decision makers, especially where organizatioal action is unavoidable. However, a granular understanding of response uncertainty is missing in the existing literature. This paper contributes to the uncertainty literature by providing a granular understanding of response uncertainty. It identifies focus, stance, and selection as three types of 'response uncertainties'. To overcome these uncertainties, firms develop 'configurational capability' to identify target area, 'positioning capability' to position themselves with respect to competitors, and 'causal-logic capability' to establish routines to identify solution for a given problem.

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Working Papers | 2015

Lessons of Reforms of the Telecom Sector

Rekha Jain and G. Raghuram

The telecommunications sector has emerged as one of the key sectors that have put the Indian economy on a revival path. Proactive policies such as opening up the sector to private players and competition, unbundling the policy, regulatory and operational roles of the government, removal of restrictions on foreign investments coupled with viewing reforms as a continuous process created an environment conducive to growth. These reforms enabled induction of new technologies.
In this paper, we examine the lessons of reforms of the Indian telecom sector. We first examine where the sector is in terms of its impact on service provision and to the economy in relation to the past. Then we outline the sector structure examining the role and relationships of different players. Next, we provide the roadmap of reforms carried out over two decades. From this, we abstract the enabling principles that drove the reform process and bring out lessons for other infrastructure sectors.

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