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2757 items in total found

Working Papers | 2015

Is 2% the Solution? Experimental Evidence on the New CSR Rule in India

Naman Desai, Viswanath Pingali, and Arindam Tripathy

The Indian government became the first regulator in the world to mandate a minimum CSR spending on certain specified social welfare activities. Prior research in psychology indicates that individuals tend to focus heavily (Anchor) on the initial information or estimate in a decision making context. Therefore, we conduct two experiments to examine the role of the 2% minimum CSR spending limit as an anchor. The first experiment was conducted to establish the effects of anchoring on decisions related to charitable giving. The results of this experiment indicate that participants' charitable contribution was significantly higher in the treatment where no minimum limit was stipulated compared to the treatment where a minimum limit was stipulated. This result suggests that participants did anchor on the minimum stipulated limit while deciding on the amount of charitable contribution. The second experiment was conducted to examine if anchoring specifically affected CSR spending decisions. The results of the experiment indicated that the amount of reported CSR spending was lower when the minimum 2% rule was imposed versus when it was not imposed. Additionally, the results also indicate that when the 2% rule was not imposed the participants appeared to anchor on the overall financial requirement of the CSR activity and decided to spend more or less depending on the financial requirement of the CSR activity.

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Working Papers | 2015

The Impact of Psychological Traits on Judgments Related to Ethics

Sobhesh Kumar Agarwalla, Naman Desai, and Arindam Tripathy

This paper examines how two contradictory psychological traits, self-deception (SD) and professional skepticism (PS), affect managers and auditors assessments of the ethicality of various earnings management choices. Whereas, self-deception allows individuals to reduce cognitive dissonance (Festinger 1957) arising from their self-serving behavior which could be unethical (Audi 1988; Sanford 1988), professional skepticism or trait skepticism (Hurtt 2010) would force individuals to question such self-serving behavior and, as a result, could make them less likely to act unethically. The results indicate that SD, PS and participant type (Chartered Accountant (CA) versus Manager) had a significant effect on the ethicality ratings. Managers exhibiting high (low) SD and low (high) PS view the earnings management techniques that were generally considered to be unethical, as relatively more (less) ethical. For CAs, the SD and PS scores are not significantly related to their ethicality ratings. This result appears to be driven by the fact that CAs tend to have greater exposure information that emphasizes ethics such as their standards and education and hence psychological traits did not affect their ethicality ratings.

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Working Papers | 2015

Indian Administrative Service (IAS) and Crony Capitalism:
A Review Paper

Vishal Gupta

According to international statistics, India is reckoned to be among the most corrupt countries of the world. One of the ways in which corruption can occur at the point of public service delivery is through payment of bribes to access or expedite these services. Other less overt, but equally damaging, form of corruption that has an impact on people is when decisions to allocate public resources are distorted by money, power, access, connections or some combination of the above-also known as crony capitalism. One of the significant contributors to crony capitalism in India is considered to be the Indian Administrative Services (IAS). Time and again, questions have been raised about the imperviousness, wooden-headedness, obstructiveness, rigidity, and rule- and procedure- bound attitude of the bureaucracy. Indian bureaucrats are said to be a power center in their own right at both the national and state levels, and are extremely resistant to reform that affects them or the way they go about their duties. Given the significance of bureaucracy (the executive branch of Government) in India's growth and the pursuit of happiness, the aim of the present position paper is to analyze and discuss the relationship between the Indian Administrative Service and crony capitalism. The paper examines several of the serious problems that the Indian Administrative Services faces and in the end suggests some recommendations to improve it.

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Working Papers | 2015

Exact Procedures for Non-Regular Measures of the Multi-Mode RCPSP

Dayal Madhukar and Sanjay Verma

The multi-mode resource constrained project scheduling problem (MM RCPSP) is a generalization of the well-studied RCPSP. A literature review reveals applications of inexact heuristics or metaheuristics approaches for solving these problems, however, exact approaches are few and do not consider non-renewable resources, as well as, generalized cash inflows and outflows at every time period of an activity, as is the case in real World problem instances. We present two exact solution single-processor approaches: a breadth-first tree search procedure and a best-first monotone heuristic for solving these problem instances. The algorithms are thoroughly tested on problem instances using payment schedules generated for standard PSPLIB problem sets and results presented.

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Working Papers | 2015

Examination of a Moderated-Mediation Model Linking Perceived Organizational Support, Affective Commitment, Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Work Engagement: A Study of Nurses in the Indian Context

Upasna A. Agarwal and Vishal Gupta

The present study examines the relationship between Perceived Organizational Support (POS) and work outcomes (work engagement and organization citizenship behaviour) with affective commitment as a mediator and psychological contract breach as a moderator. Drawing from data collected among a sample of nurses (N = 475), we found that affective commitment mediates the positive relationships between POS and work outcomes. Moreover, perception of unfulfilled expectations (psychological contract breach) qualifies POS-work outcome relationships such that the relationships between POS and outcomes are stronger in case of low contract breach perceptions. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.

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Working Papers | 2015

Examining the Mediating and Moderating Effects of
Engagement and Conscientiousness for the Job
Characteristics and Intention to Quit Relationship

Upasna A. Agarwal and Vishal Gupta

Building on the job demands-resources, social exchange, and conservation of resources theories, the present study tests the relationship between job characteristics and intention to quit via work engagement as a mediator, and conscientiousness as a moderator. Based on data collected from a sample of Indian managers (N = 1302), we found that work engagement mediated the relationship between job characteristics and intention to quit. Moreover, personality trait of conscientiousness qualified job characteristics-intention to quit and work engagement-intention to quit relationships such that the negative effects of JC and work engagement on intention to quit were stronger for high conscientiousness than low. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.

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Working Papers | 2015

A Study on the Not-for-Profit Route to Olympic Gold

Sanjeev Tripathi and Kopal Agrawal

Purpose-The purpose of this paper is to investigate a Not-for-Profit (NFP) model for development and support of sports at elite level. This research investigates, Olympic Gold Quest, a NFP organization in India to understand and analyse the factors that contribute to its success in developing sports at elite level and as an NFP to solicit funds for support.
Design/ Methodology/ Approach-The research is based on the case analysis of the organization, Olympic Gold Quest (OGQ). The analysis was done through in-depth interviews of various stakeholders of the organization such as directors, donors, employees, athletes, fans and sports enthusiasts. These were supplemented by information from other sources such as scholarly papers, annual reports of organizations working in similar space, online sources and videos interviews on video sharing websites.
Findings- The analysis shows that there are two elements of OGQ's success, the first one is related to the success in sports development and the second aspect is related to its success as a NFP organization. The factors leading to its success in sports domain are due to its stringent selection process of athletes, a strategy based on focus investments, bringing together expertise support and fast support response. The essential factors of OGQ's success as a NFP are related to creating legitimacy, transparency, beneficiary management and expertise in marketing.
Originality/Value-The literature in the domain of development of sport at the elite level is limited. This paper is possibly one of the rare ones that examine the role of a NFP in working towards development of sports at elite level. This research is set in the context of an emerging country and highlights issues related to sports development in emerging economies and contributes to the literature in this domain.
Implications/Limitations-We contribute to the literature on sports development and Not-for-Profits. This study proposes NFPs as a viable model to support sports development for elite sports and identifies its success factors. Insights from this research can be applied to develop similar models for supporting sports in other emerging countries.

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Working Papers | 2015

Constituents of Successful Sports Leagues in Emerging Markets

Sanjeev Tripathi and Ankur Kapoor

Findings: Based on the inputs from key informants and prior research, this research identifies fan acceptability as a measure of success for leagues in the early stage of their development. Findings of the research indicate that the success of leagues is dependent upon the sport and its fan base, national team performance for that sport, design of the league, quality of players, initiatives to build fan experience, relationship of league with relevant sports federation and involvement of celebrities in the league.

Originality/ Value: Sports leagues are appearing for the first time in many new sports markets, especially in developing countries. It is possibly the first study that has been carried out to understand sports leagues in initial phases of development and to identify factors that contribute to their success. Almost all previous studies on this subject are restricted to North American or European market, this study is one of the few ones conducted in an emerging sports markets. This study identifies some novel factors such as role of celebrities and relationship between leagues and national federations and enhances the current understanding of leagues.

Implication/ limitations: A number of sports leagues are being started in emerging sports markets. The findings of the research have implications for academicians who want to study the complex dynamics of sports leagues as well as practitioners who wish to apply these findings to improve the chances of success of their leagues. The study is done in India and can be improved if data from other emerging markets is also incorporated.
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to understand and identify the factors that contribute to the success of sports leagues in emerging sports markets.

Design/ Methodology/ Approach: This paper uses a mixed methodology qualitative approach. It relies on qualitative inputs from key informants through focus group discussions of sports followers and interviews of experts from sports domain such as team officials, league administrators, etc. The research is further supplemented by secondary data from scholarly articles on related subjects and media reports pertaining to the phenomenon under study.

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Working Papers | 2015

Goods and Services Tax: The Introduction Process

G. Raghuram and K.S. Deepa

This paper focuses on the process of introducing the Goods and Services Tax (GST), bringing out the perspectives of different stakeholders and the contentious issues. The GST was expected to subsume a variety of taxes and simplify the indirect tax regime. The Empowered Committee (EC) was mandated in 2007, to bring about consensus among the States to move towards GST. The important stakeholders in the process were the Government of India (GoI), individual States, industry and the committees commissioned by the GoI or EC. However, the EC faced challenges since there were issues of control between the Centre and States, perceived loss of revenue by some States, extent of uniformity across various commodities and their tax rates, input credit mechanism and dispute settlement. The deadline for the introduction of GST kept getting postponed due to the slow resolution of the challenging issues. Finally, it was tabled in the Parliament as the 122nd Constitutional Amendment Bill (CAB) in December 2014.

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Working Papers | 2015

Market overreaction to poor long-run performance? A case of repurchase firms in India

Sobhesh Kumar Agarwalla, Joshy Jacob, and Ellapulli Vasudevan

We find significant positive abnormal returns around the announcement of both tender and
open market repurchases in India. This suggests that the equity markets in India regard
repurchase announcements as positive information signals. We examine whether such abnormal returns are justified by the operating performance of firms during the post repurchase
period. We find that firms which announce open market repurchases underperform their
peers on several measures of operating performance. We infer from these results that the
market overreacts to open market repurchase announcements. Moreover, most open market
repurchases are preceded by sharp price declines, suggesting that these are more frequently
used for price support than for signalling undervaluation. The tender repurchase firms, on
the other hand, do not exhibit any significant decline in their operating performance in the
long run.

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