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3721 items in total found

Working Papers | 1992

Public Services Subject to Congestion: A Reexamination

Lahiri Somdeb

In this paper we reformulate the problem posed by public services subject to congestion in a manner consistent with economic theory and obtain first and second best solutions to the problem.

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Working Papers | 1992

Privitisation Programme in Britain and East European Countries: Some Lessons for India

Rastogi A B

In 1979, when the Conservative party was elected in the UK, it was no more than a gut feeling, impatience and inability to improve the working of the nationalised industries, it was felt that the invisible hand of the market may hold the key to success of these industries. Nevertheless, on surface it was projected by the Party and the government that the present value of aggregate net benefits to UK consumers would be higher when the state owned companies would be under private management. In India, the debate about improving the performance of PSUs started as early as late seventies as PSUs were not generating enough resources and as a whole were a drain on the public ex-chequer. The main issues in this debate, in India, are private vs public ownership, valuation of public enterprise shares and exit policy for labour and enterprises. A successful privatisation programme shall not only unshackle the economy but also give more time to politicians to concentrate on managing the economy rather than meddling in day to day affairs of business enterprises.

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Working Papers | 1992

The Minimum Weight Rooted Arborescence Problem: Weights on ARCS Case

V. Venkata Rao and Sridharan R

In a rooted acyclic graph, G, there exits, in general, several rooted (not necessarily spanning) arborscences. Depending on whether the graph has weights on nodes, on arcs, or on both, it is possible to define, with different objective functions, several different problems, each concerned with finding an optimal rooted arborscence in the graph under consideration. Of the different types of rooted acyclic graphs, we are in particular interested in two: 1. rooted acyclic graph Gn with weights on nodes, and 2.rooted acyclic graph Ga with weights on arcs. In the first category, an optimal rooted arborsence can be defined as one whose sum of node weights is less than or equal to that of any other rooted arborscence in Gn, the problem of finding such an arborscence is called the minimum rooted arborscence (MRA(Gn)) problem in an acyclic rooted graph with weights on nodes. Similarly, in the second category, an optimal rooted arborscence can be defined as one whose sum of arc weights is less than or equal to that of any other rooted arborscence in Ga; the corresponding problem is called the minimum rooted arborscence (MRA(Ga)) problem in a rooted acyclic graph with weights on arcs. The MRA(Gn) has already been studied. The objective of this paper is to explore the relation between (MRA(Ga) and MRA(Gn) problems, and to propose approximate and exact methods for solving MRA(Ga) problem. However, the paper presents no computational results, as the programming of the proposed algorithms is still in progress. After discussing the relation between the MRA(Gn) and MRA(Ga) problems, we formulate the MRA(Ga) problem as a zero-one programming problem, and discuss a heuristic to construct a rooted arborscence RA in any given Ga. This heuristic can be used to generate an upper bound on the value of the objective function for MRA(Ga). We also discuss the formulation of a Lagrangian Dual of MRA(Ga) problem and present a linear relaxation of MRA(Ga). Finally, we present a branch and bound scheme for the MRA(Ga) problem.

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Working Papers | 1992

Order Level Lot-Size Inventory Model with Permissible Delay in Payments for a System with Two Storage Facilities

Shah Nitin and Shah Y K

In this paper a mathematical model of order level lot-size inventory model under permissible delay in payment is considered with two storage facilities. The supplier allows time for settling payments for no interest charges are payable. Here an inventory system under consideration does not have sufficient capacity to store the on-hand inventory in own warehouse after meeting the back-logged demand. In such a case W units are stored in own warehouse an rest in a rented warehouse. This paper an attempt is made to analyses: a) when the system has both warehouse facilities to accommodate the lot-size; b) own warehouse has large capacity to store the on-hand inventory; and c) maximum is stored in own warehouse. The system suggests when to hire rented warehouse for more profitability among the given alternatives. Expressions for optimal order quantity and order level are developed for all the cases with an example.

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Working Papers | 1992

National Income and Social Welfare in a Public Good Economy

Lahiri Somdeb

In this paper we extend the relationship between social welfare and national income from an economy consisting society of private goods to an economy consisting of public goods as well.

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Working Papers | 1992

Indian Economy in 1990s

Rastogi A B

There is silver lining in the dark clouds at the horizon for the Indian economy. In the short term India has to sacrifice little growth in the fiscal year 1991-92 and in all likelihood it would not be very good in 1992-93. In the short run, the external economic environment is not favourable especially prospects of foreign trade in immediate future is not favourable due to slow down of the world economy. The budget success depends on restraining the inflationary pressure, boosting exports and raising productivity. India needs a bit of luck. A couple of goods monsoons and low international price of oil and co-operation form the organised labour will be very helpful. If India uses next tow years constructively there is no doubt that Indian economy would deliver a vibrant and an exuberant nation which would surprise the world-and itself.

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Working Papers | 1992

Rupee Convertibility and Exit Policy

Rastogi A B

The successful of partial convertibility of rupee and adequate foreign reserves have boosted confidence of the government. It is more than likely that we are going to see a convertible rupee on trade account before the end of this year. In official quarters it is believed that fiscal imbalance is only stumbling block in the path of a fully convertible rupee. Other important issue which is as important as fiscal imbalance is an exit policy. An exit policy for existing enterprises or just only for new enterprises is essential to keep a stable exchange rate. Otherwise, we are going to see a sliding rupee against trade weighted basket of currencies as we had in eighties.

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Working Papers | 1992

Stress and Mental Workload: A Study in an Industrial Organisation

Desai Tripati Pande

The purpose of the study was to i) to identify and determine the differential response profile for three levels in management, on the different measures of stress. ii) to identify and determine the differential response profile for the three levels in management on the different measures of mental workload; and iii) to examine the relation between stress and mental workload in the three levels of management. The sample consisted of managers (level I) supervisors (level II) and assistants (level III) from a large tyre manufacturing company in northern India. Total sample comprised of 150 personnel from this organisation. Stress was measured by Jenkins Activity Survey, and mental workload by a seven point scale. Means and percentiles for stress and mental workload were used to see the differential response profiles. To see the correlation between stress and mental workload an intercorrelation matrix was generated. To find out which of the three factors of mental workload contributed to the four factors of stress a regression analysis was carried out. Manin Conclusions are: i) The higher and middle management have similar levels of stress, followed by lower management. ii) In case of mental workload, trends similar to those stated above (I), were found. iii) The 'Perceived Effort' factor of mental workload was the main contributor for the prediction of stress. iv) Respondents belonging to the technical departments were less stress prone, more alert and more satisfied than the respondents belonging to commercial department.

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Working Papers | 1992

Technology Finance Entrepreneur Linkages

Ramachandran K

Development of entrepreneurship depends not only on the supply of credit, but also on appropriate technology especially in backward areas. There have been several credit facilities offered to small firms, and there have been several studies on the efficacy of such facilities. The role of technology, and its triangular relationship with credit and entrepreneurship is much less discussed let alone researched. This study examines the contribution of national laboratories in fulfilling the technology needs of backward areas and its linkages with credit and entrepreneurship. Field study of small scale enterprises which have bought technologies from the Central Food Technological Research Institute and the Central Salt and Marine Chemical Research Institute in Karnataka and Gujarat were studied which indicated need for significant improvement in the interactions largely of technology developing agencies. Some of the implications for policy are also discussed.

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Working Papers | 1992

The Trucking Industry: An Introductory Note

G. Raghuram and Padmanabhan G

The primary modes for movement of goods in most of the countries (and in India) are Rail and Road. Of late, movement of goods by roads has gained considerable importance in India. The road transport industry is penetrating into the market through a strategy of services. They provide service form the platform of the consignor to the door of the consignee. Besides, they accept goods in small quantities. Unlike Railways, they have the capacity to penetrate into isolated rural and hilly areas, where laying a railway becomes expensive. Because of the ease of departure as soon as the vehicle is loaded, and the load itself being significantly less than the unit load in Railways, they have been successful in cornering the market for short haul movements of all types of goods and a significant share of the long haul movements which need rapid transaction. The truck population in India has grown at a rate of 7.2 per cent per annum between 1950-51 to 1990-91. At present, there are over 1300 trucks per million population and the utilisation of trucks is around 70,000 kms. per year. The corresponding figures for the USA are 151,2000 (over 100 times) and 19,2000 kms. per year (less than one third). The trucking industry is a very significant player in goods movement, carrying over 54% of the tonne km. rail road share in 1988-89 (up from 11% in 1950-51). The paper concludes that considering the inability of Railways to provide piecemeal wagons, it is essential to encourage the movement of goods by roads. Inspite of the unorganized nature of the private companies engaged in the movement of goods, the trucking operation in India seems to be fairly efficient. This is partly reflected in the increasing rate in the growth of movement of goods by roads. The road infrastructure and service management need to be improved substantially, to make the trucking industry vibrant. However, it is important to identify the commodities that can be transported economically by rail and develop strategies to encourage this, from an energy point of view.

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