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3846 items in total found

Working Papers | 1988

An Explanatory Study of Viewers Perceptions of Television Advertising

Gupta Nirmal

Study of Consumers' attitude towards advertising helps the advertisers in planning their advertising campaigns. By comparative evaluation of advertisements across different elements viz. Creative strategies, appeals and execution styles, the advertisers can select appropriate 'content mix' for their campaigns. The present study attempts to explore the role and effectiveness of different elements of an advertisement (i.e. Creative Strategy, appeal and execution style) on the Viewers' attitude for it. The study was carried out for 24 television advertisements and the overall attitude of 50 viewers was evaluated by using attitude measuring scales. Advertisements were selected after a comprehensive content analysis, of a large number of advertisements which classified them under different elements. The items on the attitude scales were chosen in such a manner so as to tap all three components (viz. Cognitive, affective and conative) of attitude. The study concluded that there was no significant association between the single element of an advertisement and viewers' attitude for it. No association was found even when combinations of two elements at a time were evaluated against viewers' attitude. It appears that viewers do not form attitudes for advertisements on the basis of one or two elements but they perceive it as an integrated whole.

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Working Papers | 1988

Attitude Toward Computers: Development of a Scale

Chhokar J S and Deepti Bhatnagar

This study reports the development of an instrument to measure attitude toward computers. The importance of attitude in attaining the full potential of computerization is highlighted and possible uses for the attitude toward computers (ATC) scale are suggested.

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Working Papers | 1988

Redefinition of Social and Organisational Roles

Parikh Indira J and Garg Pulin K

This paper explores the institution of marriage and work organization as held by women. Both systems demand responses from women for which they are often not prepared. Their dreams of romanticised marriage and fantasy of togetherness often lead them to dis-illusionment and dis-enchantment. Their career aspirations without the reality appraisal of organisations and their own definition of systems lead them to frustrations. They are pulled and pushed between social and organization role demands, and their own entrenchment in stereotypes of role taking. The conflict between the desired and the aspired daughter-in-law, wife and mother roles on the one hand and desired, aspired professional and career role on the other hand creates conflicts, stress and guilt. Women get caught with the internalization of the normative prescriptive modalities of social and work systems. The role models from family, culture and history are insufficient and inadequate for meaningful responses. This paper explores those areas of role taking by women which can help redefine and redesign new responses in both the systems. It deals with the reinterpretation of existing roles and arriving at an integrated perspective for women which can bring convergence within both the systems of family and work. This paper suggests that women who encounter in themselves the women-person dilemma and take charge of their own destiny in their hands to give it a shape, form and a meaning finally come to make choices for the wellbeing of both themselves and the system. In the absence of such an integration, women when confronted with the turmoil of the two systems either become conformists or rebels or exile themselves and end up making compromises rather than choices.

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Working Papers | 1988

Industrial Sickness in India: Magnitude and Identification Criteria

Dholakia Bakul H

The main purpose of this paper is to examine the criteria used by official agencies to identify industrial sickness and highlight the limitations of such identification criteria especially in the context of the nature of remedial action that needs to be taken to deal with this problem. Available empirical evidence indicates that, in the case of large industrial units, industrial sickness appears to be more of an industry-specific problem than a general problem as such. Official yardsticks for identifying industrial sickness are based on the criterion cash loss and the criterion of net worth erosion. Such criteria have the undesirable effect of delaying the identification of isck units by at least a couple of years or more. The recent concept of "weak" units is also unlikely to achieve the purpose of detecting industrial sickness at the incipient stage. As a result, a large proportion of the identified sick units is found to be non-viable and, therefore not eligible for any rehabilitation package. Under these circumstances, restructuring the procedures adopted by the financial institutions for identifying industrial sickness and introducing appropriate systems for early detection and prevention of sickness appear to be the main long term remedy for this problem.

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Working Papers | 1988

A Lot Size Model with Discrete Transportation Costs

Gupta Omprakash K and Rao P Poornachandra

The classical Harris-Wilson inventory model does not explicitly account for the costs incurred in transporting goods from the supplier to the buyer. Either such costs are assumed to be fixed and considered part of the ordering costs or they are assumed to be variable and are included in the item costs. In many situations, however, it is observed that a fixed cost is incurred for a transport mode, (of a given capacity), such as a truck or wagon. The very nature of this type of transport mode requires hiring of an integer number of trucks or wagons. Therefore the transportation cost function becomes a discrete function. In this paper we develop an inventory model with discrete transportation costs, and present an algorithm for the optimal lot size. Finally an example is given to illustrate the methodology.

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Working Papers | 1988

Quadratic Progamming Applications: A Review

Gupta Omprakash K and Shah Janath

This paper attempts to review applications of quadratic programming and quadratic integer programming. Major applications have been reported in the following areas: Finance, Agriculture, Economics, Production and Operations, Marketing, Public Policy, Water Resource Management and Transportation. Specific applications in each of these categories are briefly described.

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Working Papers | 1988

Does Type - A Moderate the Stress - Anger Relationship in Case of Managers

Pestonjee D M and Singh G P

The study reported in this paper examines the moderating role of Type-A pattern of behavioural disposition on the relationship between role stress and state-trait anger. A set of three psychometric instruments, namely, ORS Scale (Pareek, 1983), Can You Type Your Behaviour (Gmelch, 1982) and State-Trait Anger Scale (Spielberger et al, 1983) were administered on 547 management professional for the information pertaining to role stresses, Type-A-B behaviour patterns and state-trait angers respectively. Peason's product moment coefficient of correlation, subgrouping and hierarchical multiple repression analyses were used to analyse the data. Findings of the study revealed that Type-A pattern of behavioural disposition and state-trait anger associate positively and significantly with role stress variables. Further, more coefficients of correlation between state-anger and role stresses were found to be significant for Type-B managers than Type-As. Test of significance of difference revealed that relationship of state anger with six role stress variables, namely, interrole distance, role erosion, role overload, role ambiguity, resource inadequacy and overall role stress were significantly different and higher for Type-B managers. On the other hand, coefficients of correlation between trait anger and role stress variables were higher for Type-A managers as compared to Type-Bs. However, none of the relationship between the variables was found to be significantly different. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed that form of relationship of two role stress variables (RS and REC) with state anger and of four role stress variables [RS, RE, RA and ORS(T)] with trait anger were significantly moderated by Type-A behaviour pattern.

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Working Papers | 1988

Market-Wide Commonalities in Corporate Earnings and Significance Tests of Accounting Beta

Bhat Ramesh

The annual earnings performance of a company reflect numerous events. Some of these events affect almost all the companies in the economy whereas some are specific to the industry in which the company is operating. The objective of the present paper is to discern and quantify the influences arising primarily because of economy-wide factors. They are referred as market-wide commonalities in corporate earnings. This has been done by using the market model framework. The study uses a sample of 182 companies from the population of companies listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange The earnings and book rate of return series of 17 years for each company is used to construct the market index. The accounting earnings beta estimates are obtained for each company by using OLS method. The market model has been tested in its various forms. The model consistent with OLS specification has been considered to be more relevant in interpreting the results. The hypothesis that there is a systematic index does not find empirical support. The explanatory power of the models consistent with OLS assumptions has been found to be very low.

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Working Papers | 1988

A Study of Role Stresses in Top and Middle Management

Pestonjee D M

In the present study, attempt is made to explore the types of role stresses experienced by top and middle management personnel and to establish the degree of relationship among these role stress variables. 'ORS Scale' developed and standardized by Pareek (1983) was administered on a sample of 221 top managers and 326 middle managers. This scale measures ten types of role stresses as well as overall role stress. Critical ratio test, median test and Pearson's product moment coefficients of correlation were used to analyse the data. Findings of the study revealed that Middle managers (MMG) scored significantly higher on interrole distance, personal inadequacy, self-role distance and resource inadequacy. Role expectation conflict, role ambiguity and overall role stress were also found to be significantly higher in case of middle managers (MMG) as compared to top managers (TMG). Out of 55 coefficients of correlation among role stress factors, 53 for top managers and 51 for middle managers emerged as statistically significant. In the light of findings, implications of the study are also discussed.

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Working Papers | 1988

Am Empirical Study of the Intertemporal Relations Among the Regional Share Price Indicators

Bhat Ramesh

The purpose of the present research effort is to examine the intertemporal relationships among the share price indictors of five regional stock exchanges at Bombay, Calcutta, Madras, Ahmedabad and Delhi. For each regional share price index the monthly charges, both absolute and percentage, are complied and correlated with each other and all-India index over the time period March 1971 to June 1985. The lag of each regional price relative has been regressed against the lag of all-India price relative with its lead and lag variables. Finally, an attempt has been made to examine the inter-regional relationships among the five indicators by using the recursive regression method.

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