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3721 items in total found

Working Papers | 1986

Monitoring the Government Policy Environment

M. R. Dixit

Recent favourable and unfavourable changes in the government policies have prompted many corporations to review their corporate strategies. This has pointed to the need for monitoring the government policy environment formally and systematically. This paper discusses the types of influences the government policies can have on the corporate strategy of a corporation and the various steps in developing an in house system for monitoring the government policy environment. It presents the findings of a study aimed at understanding the monitoring practice of large corporations and illustrates how a large diversified company monitors the evens centering around the announcement of the annual budget of the Central Government.

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Working Papers | 1986

Policies for Growth in Fertilizer Consumption: The Next Stage

Desai G M

Annual consumption of fertilizers has increased from less than 100,000 metric tons of nutrients in the early 1950s to 8.2 million metric tons (mmts) by 1984/85. The Seventh Five Year Plan aims at raising it to 14 mmts by 1989/90. The task of accelerating growth in fertilizer consumption extends beyond the Seventh Plan period because virtually all further growth in crop production will have to come from continuous increases in yields and all proven yield-increasing technologies depend on high levels of fertilizer application. Thus the real question concerning the future is not whether but how to accelerate growth in fertilizer us and ensure its maximum effectiveness in crop production. This paper discusses the above question by examining the past experience within a heuristic framework. The single most important conclusion of the paper is as follows: Because of the constraints on lowering prices of fertilizers and also on raising support prices of crops, non-price policies will be more crucial than ever before in determining the pace of future growth in fertilizer consumption. This, however, is no ground for pessimism about acceleration in future growth of fertilizer consumption or defeatist attitude in evolving policies required for the purpose. Under the present price environment, there is a vast scope to accelerate growth in fertilizer consumption through non-price policies which improve efficiency of fertilizer use, shift response functions up wards, and remove deficiencies in agricultural research, extension, and credit as well as fertilizer supply and distinction system.

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Working Papers | 1986

National Demand and Regional Industralization

Ravindra H. Dholakia

Interstate disparity in the industrial output has been increasing in India in spite of our planned efforts to reduce the same. Out policies in this regard were based on the growth theories emphasising the role of factor supplies, particularly investment. It is argued here that such an approach is most likely to lead to the wastage of scarce national resources in the sense of sacrificing growth without reducing the disparities. Indian data seem to support demand oriented theories which suggest quite different planning and policy measures to tackle the problem.

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Working Papers | 1986

On Regionalizing a National Inter-Industry table

Nanda K. Choudhry and Ravindra H. Dholakia

In this paper we have proposed and evaluated a new non-survey method whereby a national input-output coefficient matrix may be decomposed into a set of regional input-output coefficients matrices. The method is based on the technique of generalised inverse. It obeys certain restrictions that have intuitive plausibility. To evaluate the method proposed here, the Canadian national and regional data for the year 1974 have been used. Dalvi and Prasand (1981, 1982) demonstrated that their method of using the Moore Penrose generalised inverse to regionalise the national table was found more efficient than the popular RAS method. We demonstrate in this paper that the method proposed by us here is more satisfactory than the one proposed by Dalvi and Prasad both in terms of its economic implications as well as its empirical performance.

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Working Papers | 1986

Market Channels and Growth of Fertilizer Use in Rainfed Agriculture: Conceptual Considerations and Experience in India

Desai G M

Empirical research on fertilizer us in developing countries is replete with evidence on deficiencies in fertilizer supply and marketing systems. But this evidence is usually bypassed in research that aims at identifying factors behind growth in fertilizer consumption. This haitus in our understanding of forces behind growth in fertilizer consumption is mainly due to considering such growth as being driven by growth in farmers' demand for fertilizers. Factors behind fertilizer demand are usually identified by estimating some variant of a function relationship between fertilizer consumption and such explanatory variables as prices of crops and fertilizer, level of irrigation, and nature of cropping pattern and crop varieties. This paper argues that identifying forces behind growth in fertilizer consumption by focusing only on changes in agro-economic variables behind farmers' demand for fertilizers is not only a partial but also a quite inappropriate approach. The first section of this paper elaborates this argument with the help of a heuristic conceptualization which encompasses all essential elements involved in governing growth of fertilizer consumption. Section 2 discusses India's experience of growth in fertilizer consumption, keeping in mind this conceptualization. In the third section, lessons emerging from past experience are presented to accelerate growth of fertilizer consumption under rainfed conditions.

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Working Papers | 1986

Wage Share in Indian Manufacturing Industries: 1961 to 1978-79

Verma Pramod

The objective of this study is to test the hypothesis that the share of wages in net value added will tend to decline in the early stages of industrial development. The data are drawn from the Annual survey of industries. An attempt has been made to examine the trend in share of wages in value added over the period 1961 to 1978-79. The likely impact of capital intensity and ratio of salaried staff to total employees on the wage share has also been assessed. Based on inter-industry data, the cross section studies have been carried out for three different period, viz., 1961, 1971 and 1978-79. It is concluded that the declining trend in wage share could be explained by the increasing trends in capital intensity and the ratio of salaried staff to total employees.

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Working Papers | 1985

On Estimating Women Contribution to National Product

Ravindra H. Dholakia

In order to measure the extent of economic independence of women in the third world countries, the use of indicators like Female Workforce Participation Rate (FWPR) or the relative contributions of males and females based on traditional methods of wage differentials is not very satisfactory. Some of the conceptual and practical difficulties associated with FWPR can be overcome only when it is used along with a measure of the productivity of female workers. Since the use of the Richardian wage differentials method in this particular case involves highly objectionable premises, the present paper attempts to estimate the contribution of women workers to the national product on the basis of alternative frameworks. Two different models for the purpose have been presented in the paper. An illustrative application of these models on the basis of cross-sectional (regional) date on the Indian economy is carried out and plausible range of results regarding the share of women workers in the national product in India in the censal years 1961, 1971 and 1981 are presents. It appears that the relative share of female workers has appreciably increased during 1971 to 1981 after experiencing a sharp decline during 1961 to 1971.

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Working Papers | 1985

Industrial Growth Strategy: Implications for Sponge Iron

Seshadri D V R, P. R. Shukla, and Tripathy Arabinda

This paper presents a general framework for industrial growth strategy from the view point of central industrial planner. The framework allows for a planning horizon and several periods and the growth strategy can be divided periodically the framework can be meddled by mixed integer programming formulation. An application of the framework to the Indian Spores Iron industry is made and the implications for the Sponge Iron industry are suggested.

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Working Papers | 1985

Research Methods for Human Resources Management

Verma Pramod and Sivakumar A B

The objective of this paper is to highlight research methods which are relevant to the understanding of personnel decision making. These methods have been briefly discussed and illustrated by specific studies published in journals/documents. It is suggested that personnel research at the organizational level will facilitate decision making in utilizing and developing human resources.

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Working Papers | 1985

Talent and the Pioneering-Innovating Motive

Khandwalla P N

The paper argues that the wish to pioneer and innovate is essential if talented persons are to give their best to society. The paper reports the relationships between the pioneering-innovating and five other motives, namely, growth, effectiveness, conscientiousness, status, and safety, for a sample of 750 Indian professionals, and relationships between these motives and environmental characteristic, long term career choices, fluency, blockage, initiative, etc., for smaller samples of professionals. The paper also presents some intriguing data on the differences in correlations between the six motives under conditions of high and low conflict among motives. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of the findings for the nurturance of talent.

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