Faculty & Research

Research Productive

Show result

Search Query :
Area :
Search Query :
3721 items in total found

Working Papers | 1985

India Trade with South and South East Asia: Scope for Further Cooperation

Wadhva Charan D

This paper briefly examines the current status of India's trade relations with two developing sub-regions of Asia, namely, South Asia and Southeast Asia. South Asia covers seven countries who have recently loosely grouped themselves under "South Asian Regional Cooperation" (SARC) and are likely to formally launch "South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation" (SAARC) in December 1985. These countries are : Bangladesh, Bhutan , India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. Southeast Asia covers five countries belonging to the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), namely, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand. This paper explores the progress and prospects for "South-South" cooperation in trade and trade-related areas. For analysing trade relations, we have employed two analytical measures, namely, (I) Kojima indices of trade intensity; and (ii) Wadhva index of trade reciprocity. This paper indicates that good scope for further cooperation in trade and trade related areas exists both between India and other South Asian Countries as well as between India and Southeast Asian Countries. However, considering the geopolitical and structural economic realities, we have recommended that the multilateral approach being followed under "SARC" (where trade cooperation is not being currently considered) should be supplemented by carefully formulated moves/further moves for bilateral cooperation in trade and trade-related matters. We have also recommended taking strong diplomatic initiatives by India to strengthen trade cooperation with the fastest growing ASEAN region especially through bilateral moves. We have also pleaded for strengthening trade cooperation between India and a Newly Industrializing Country of Southeast Asia, namely, South Korea.

Read More

Working Papers | 1985

Complete Matching in a Trinomial Doubly-Convex Complete Bipartite Graph

Ankolekar Suresh and Patel Nitin R

This paper discusses minimum matching in a trinomial doubly convex bipartite graph. The graph consists of three categories of arcs forming a doubly convex structure. The matching involves lexicographical minimization in required order of categories. Due to the special structure of the problem, certain 'greedy' procedures are found to be optimal.

Read More

Working Papers | 1985

A Pure Relational Algebra Query Language Using D BASE II

Chaudhuri Pralay Sen and Ankolekar Suresh

This paper discusses the development of a query language based on relational algebra implemented using dBASE II. It is observed that dBASE II is relationally incomplete in the sense that certain relational algebra operators cannot be directly simulated at the dBASE II command level. Secondly, dBASE II does not remove duplicate tuples leading to redundancy in processing and display. Thirdly, dBASE II is characterized by considerable 'command overheads' consisting of preparatory chores to be performed by the users in terms of activation of relations in appropriate workspaces. The Pure Relational Algebra Query Language (PRAQL) developed using dBASE II overcomes these limitations.

Read More

Working Papers | 1985

The Defective Coin Problem: An Algorithmic Analysis

Ankolekar Suresh, Das Gupta A, and Srinivasan G

The defective coin problem involves identification of defective coin, if any, and ascertain the nature of the defect (heavier/lighter) from a set of coins containing at the most one defective coin, using an equal-arm pan-balance. The solution strategy to minimise number of weightings required to detect the defective coin is based on problem reduction approach involving successive decomposition of the problem into subproblems until it is trivially solved. One of the two types of subproblems is visualised as combination of pair of antithetic problems, leading to an optimal solution procedures which is simply a term by term merger of corresponding antithetic procedures. Also, the algorithm is capable of generating all possible optimal solutions.

Read More

Working Papers | 1985

A Mixed Integer Linear Programming Model for Selection of Energy Systems and Allocation of Energy to Multiple End-Uses

P. R. Shukla and Moulik T K

This paper presents a Mixed Integer Linear Programming model for selection of energy system and allocation of energy that satisfies energy needs of multiple end-uses at a location and minimizes the sum of annual fixed and variable costs. The energy generation and distribution is modelled as two stages of energy transfer, i.e., the energy generated at first stage energy systems is distributed sometimes via second stage energy systems to the ultimate end-uses. The model includes several time periods during a year to realistically accommodate different efficiencies of energy systems and varying energy demand during different periods of a year. Application of the model to four villages is discussed. Sensitivity analysis is presented indicating the sensitive areas which need attention of developmental agencies and which can contribute towards reducing the energy costs and encourage utilization of local energy resources.

Read More

Working Papers | 1985

Policy Issues for Long Term Growth of Fertilizer Use in Bangladesh

Desai G M

This paper discusses policy issues relevant to sustained rapid growth in Bangaladesh's fertilizer consumption. Section II is an overview of fertilizer consumption as it has evolved over the years. It also provides comparative perspective on the performance of Bangaladesh among developing countries. Section III discusses policy requireemnets of long-term rapid growth in fertilizer use, keeping in mind various features of, and major forces behind, the past growth. The paper concludes that, notwithstanding the policy of phasing out fertilizer subsidies adopted by the government, there is a substantial scope for growth in fertilizer use. Utilization of this scope, however, requires a new policy orientation. The emphasis on prices needs to be replaced by concentration on the productivity and efficiency of fertilizer use as key target variables in policies to raise farmers' returns on fertilizers. Different factors affecting growth in fertilizer use need to be viewed not in isolation from each other, but as a set of interacting variables which can be manipulated through policy interventions. The dominant aim of these interventions should be faster development and well-coordinated working of systems which influence the rate of growth in fertilizer use.

Read More

Working Papers | 1985

Experience with Case Method in Short Duration Executive Development Programmes

M. R. Dixit and A. K. Jain

Short Duration Executive Development Programme (SEDPs) bear certain characteristics that pose significant problems to instructors and coordinators in the effective use of case method in achieving the learning objectives of these programmes. This paper identifies and analyses such problems and discusses the approaches for handling these contingencies effectively. This has been done on the basis of the authors and their colleagues experiences over a decade. The special characteristics of SEDPs include lack of flexibility in the time table, heterogeneity in background, experience and expectations, lower stakes of the participants in the programme and significant stakes of the faculty in the programme. The contingencies discussed have been grouped into the first day, problems, issues incase discussion, classroom behaviour and breakdown and terminal frustration. It is argued in the paper that certain compromises in the non-directed case discussion method would lead to significant improvement in participants learning in SEDPs. The paper provides useful suggestions to instructors and coordinators not only for better in class handling of contingencies but also for better academic planning of SEDPs.

Read More

Working Papers | 1985

Ivestment Allowance Vs. General Tax Reduction Evaluation of Policy Option

Gupta Ramesh and Srinivasan G

The paper evaluates the general tax reduction in lieu of investment allowance. The general tax reduction affects the tax rates and has universal impact, while investment allowance helps lower the tax base and thus, affects different tax payers differently. By analyzing the impact of two alternatives on acceptance of a new project and relating it to existing operations, it is concluded that under the Finance Minister's proposal of reducing tax rates from 52.5 per cent to 45 per cent in lieu of investment allowance, the companies to be adversely affected are those which have at minimum more than 20 per cent growth in their profits. Not many companies are growing at that rate. Further research is advocated in the area of replacement cost depreciation and productive capacity creation, utilization and its profitability.

Read More

Working Papers | 1985

Cooperation in Cooperatives: Contribution of Risk, Resources and Skills

Anil K. Gupta

The question most basic to any discussion on cooperatives is: why is it, that elites in most cooperatives neglect the task of fostering cooperation amongst different classes of poolers of resources and instead, concentrate only on cooperation between enterprise and (some) members? It is assumed that the later can substitute the former. Decrying the tendency for verification in social science literature, we argue for more pointed analysis and communication in issues involving value positions of the analysts. Finally three parameters vi: Risk, resources and skills are used to provide a framework for appraising the utility of any value adding enterprise for the socially disadvantaged.

Read More

Working Papers | 1985

Socio-Ecology of Stress: Why do CPR Management Projects Fail?

Anil K. Gupta

In a stratefied rural society, different classes of landless pastoralists or cultivator cum pastoralists are expected to have varying stakes in the protection of environment. 'Assurance' mechanism suggested by Sen and Rauge has been used to understand the institutional arrangement required to coordinate varying expectation of behaviour by different classes in supply of restraint in resource use. However, our contention is that time horizon in which various classes may appraise different resource use options for common vis-a-vis private lands would vary not merely because of differential vulnerability to environmental risks but also because of accumulated deficits or surplus in household budgets, mobility patterns, simultaneous operations in factor and product markets etc. Given those differences thus, the ration of insurance that different classes seek about risks in future supply of common resources augmented through present restraint may also vary. Implication being that institutions providing varying assurances to different classes coupled with differential premia obligations do not emerge or get innovated through changes in the factor prices alone. Central question thus is to find out how such assurance was provided in some of the traditional societies in past and why modern projects in this regard fail to provide it now. Paper provides illustration of a sheep and pasture development cooperative to suggest some policy alternatives.

Read More
IIMA