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3725 items in total found

Working Papers | 1982

Learning from Antyodaya: Some Lessons for IRDP

Khanna Inderjit

The Antyodaya programme was launched by the Rajasthan government to improve the socio economic well being of the 'last man' in 1977. Benefits were to be first extended to the poorest families in all of the villages in the state. In two years, nearly two lakh families were assisted by the programme after two rounds of implementation. Pension, land self employment and wage employment were the benefits offered. There were several positive changes in the implementation of the programme in terms of proper identification of beneficiaries and ensuring the availability of credit. On the basis of observations in other studies and in the authors' own case study, it is suggested that the Antyodaya programme's objective changed implicitly from one of raising the income level of the beneficiaries to that of distributing benefits. This is perhaps due to the overload of the programme in terms of the activities and functions. Before initiating a programme, it is, therefore, essential that careful consideration be given to the strengths and limitations of the implementing organisation. Thus, in designing anti poverty programmes such as Antyodaya and IRDP, means of providing a range of services-from distribution of benefits to 'after care' advice and support-will have to be assessed and measures taken to overcome the limitations. Otherwise, the programme may pursue short term targets and lose sight of the main objective.

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Working Papers | 1982

Agricultural Mechanization in Gujarat

Girja Sharan

The growth of agricultural implements used in Gujarat was examined on the basis of Livestock Census data of 1951, 56, 61, 66, 72. The total power now available on Gujarat farms comes to 0.6 hp/hect; if pumping sets are excluded, it is 0.34 hp/hect. This is lower than Punjab, and a little higher than the national average. The mechanization in Gujarat seems to be of this type which has taken over more of bullock functions than of human labor. This may change however in future; some gaps in implements data, design and development were identified.

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Working Papers | 1982

On the Computation of Hodges-Lehmann Efficiency of Test Statistics

Raghavacahari M

An approach to the computation of Bahadur Efficiency was proposed by Bahadur and Raghavachari in their paper in Proceedings of Sixth Berkeley Symposium. The objective of the paper is to exhibit this approach to the Computation of Hodges-Lehmann efficiency for a few examples. Many of the examples are new and these indicate the power of the method which does not entail the Computation of the tail probabilities for the distribution of the test statistic under a specific alternative. Examples include tests relating to normal, poisson, correlation, coefficient, multiple correlation, coefficient and rank tests for one sided distributions.

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Working Papers | 1982

Experiment on Individual Investment Decision Making Process

Samir K. Barua and Srinivasan G

This working paper reports an investigation into the decision making process of individual faced with a set of risky investment opportunities. An experiment was conducted on a set of students and the data generated from the experiment was analyzed. The analysis was done to infer about the criteria of choice used by the participants and the form of utility function that explains the observed behaviour. It was found that the pattern of choice was well explained by adjusted logarithmic function. It was also found that the risk perception of individuals was determined jointly by the variance and the skew ness of the return distribution.

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Working Papers | 1982

Performance in Relation to Anxiety and Job Involvement

Pestonjee D M and Singh Y K

In this investigation an attempt has been made to study the effect of anxiety and job involvement on performance of workers. Two psychometric tools were administered to 600 rank-and-file workers of textile unit to assess their levels of job involvement and anxiety. The index of their performance was the actual prediction records. Statistical analysis of the data indicate that both anxiety (F = 86.92; d f = 1,596' p<.01) and job involvement (F = 73.43; d f = 1,596; p<.01) have significantly affected performance. There interaction were also found to be significant (F = 41.19; d f = 1,596; p<.01). Findings indicate that for higher performance high job involvement and low levels of anxiety were necessary. Anxiety was found to be detrimental to performance even in the case of high levels of involvement.

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Working Papers | 1982

HRD Practices in Indian Industry

T. V. Rao

The need for developing managerial capabilities among executives is being increasingly felt and attended to in Indian Industry in the recent past. Mechanisms like performance appraisal, potential appraisal, training, OD, performance feedback and counselling are being designed to facilitate executive development. This survey used 45 senior executives from 45 different organizations to comment on the existence of HRD related components of performance appraisal, potential appraisal, reward management and training. The survey reveals that a number of HRD components exist in these organizations although integrated HRD systems are not present. Details of these components are presented in this paper.

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Working Papers | 1982

Rural Development Programmes in India: An Analytical Review at the District Level

Srivastava Uma Kant

The paper aims to analyse (a) the actual coverage of developmental programmes (b) the actual beneficiaries and (c) its impact on the overall rural development. Seven special rural development programmes sponsored by the Government of India in seventies have been selected for the analysis. These are (1) Small Farmer's Development Agencies (2) Drought Prone Areas (3) Command Area Development (4) Tribal Area/Hill Area Development Programme (5) Hill Area Programme (6) Desert Development and (7) Whole Village Development Programme using block level data coverage for each of the 389 districts of India have been calculated for all the seven programmes. Also statewise calculations have been made. The analysis shows that not more than one third of the total area has been coverage by any p0rogramme in any State or Union Territory. The highest area covered by all the seven programmes is about 28 per cent in West Bengal. Further analysis shows that there is a loss of intended benefits of the special development programmes at all levels, beginning from the centre to state and district. Factors responsible for such a loss are identified in the paper. Important among these are lack of understanding of the objectives of the various programmes, lack of efforts to evolve locally suitable programmes, delays, cost escalation and under utilization of the created potential.

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Working Papers | 1982

Enculturation and Commitment in Creative Organizations: A Theoretical Perspective

Dhuru Jyotsana D and Balaji C

Distinctive culture is that culture of an organization which enables the organization get an identify of its own and meet success with respect to the purpose(s) of the organization. The distinctive culture is a function of the internal and external environmental characteristics as well as the culture of the Dominant coalition of the organization. The main thesis of this paper is that for success of organizations, organizations need to ensure that their members get "committed" to this distinctive culture. "Commitment" is viewed as a three dimensional concept. These dimensions are (1) loyalty to, (2) identification with and (3) involvement in the organizational activities. Elements of culture and the characteristics of the members of creative organizations have been identified through literature survey. Hypotheses regarding the roles of the enculturation mechanisms-(1) Entry mechanisms, (2) Socialization mechanisms and (3) Control mechanisms-in affecting the three dimensions of commitment and hypothesized. Implications of this theoretical perspective to Personnel Management and Organizational Designing are drawn.

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Working Papers | 1982

Spurs and Props of Agricultural Research - Economic and Social under Plumings - A Case Study of Rice Research in India

Desai D K

The paper deals with the problem of agricultural research management, particularly with reference to rice research in India. The growth of rice production has lagged behind wheat production mainly because the rice research has not been as effective as wheat research. One of the reasons for this phenomenon is that the rice research has to be much more location specific than wheat research. As rice is produced in a variety of agro-climatic conditions, much more adaptive research is required. The socio-economic factors seem to govern rice production to a greater extent than wheat production. The classification of districts in India according to the levels of rice production revealed that about 25% of the total number of rice-growing districts (338) had 64% of the total area under rice and 67% of the total rice production in the country. These districts were designated as A-districts. The yield per hectare of rice in A-districts was higher than other districts. The classification of districts according to productivity showed that there were 10 districts having yield per hectare more than 2.5 tonnes of rice. Out of these 10 districts only one district belongs to traditional rice-growing states whereas other 9 districrts belong to n n-traditional rice growing states. This shows that there are special problems which hamper the productivity in the traditional rice growing states. The study has located high-growth-rate high-productivity and low-productivity low-growth-rate A-district in traditional rice-growing states. It is proposed that a study should be undertaken to find out the factors which have contributed to the differences in productivities of these two groups. Having identified these factors it should be possible to improve the rice research and other developmental programmes for increasing productivity of rice. The case study of rice would also help identify policy problems for agricultural research management and agricultural development management.

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Working Papers | 1982

Famine and Famine Relief - Coping Strategy at the District Level

Vyas Vijay Shankar and Khanna Inderjit

Drought induced famine is a recurrent feature in Rajasthan. The district (Udaipur in this case) is the critical unit for planning and implementing relief measures to tackle the crisis of famine. This paper such to examine the coping strategies in Udaipur district of Rajasthan in the context of such famines. Our finding is in terms of the immediate crisis, the response by the district administration is effective now. The classical spectra of famine is urbinally non-existent. However, famines require long term developmental efforts which have, no doubt, been initiated but have had little impact in terms of reducing the incidence of future famines. We feel that while famine relief works do provide means for employment at a time when the normal source of employment i.e. agricultural operations, dues out and thus, avert the major calamities, these are now emerging as a substitute for local level development.

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IIMA