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Working Papers | 1974

A Network Programming Approach for Investment Planning in Electric Power Systems: Case Study for Northern Region of India

Mukherjee Shishir K

The purpose of this paper is to describe a Network Programming Model for least-cost investment in electric power generation and transmission system and illustrate it by a case study involving application of this model to northern Region of India for planning the electric power generation and transmission system network to meet projected peak demand at the end of Fifth Plan Period. The model described in this paper is essentially an economic model based on the power system network in which electric power flows from generating nodes to load centres through existing or proposed transmission lines and costs of generation of power and transmission including power and energy losses are accounted for. The model with the aid of a network computer programme obtains a least-cost flow pattern in the network which determines the optimal investments in generating plants and transmission network. The optimal solution obtained should be tested with load flow studies to determine system reliability under various contingencies as is done in case of any other modelling approach.

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Working Papers | 1974

Impact of Export Fluctuations on Come: A Cross Country Analysis

C Rangarajan

The degree of export fluctuations and its impact on income have been subject to a number of investigations. A major bone of contention has been whether developing countries experience a greater degree of fluctuation in exports than developed countries, and whether such fluctuations affect the growth-rate of developing countries. This study examines this contention y constructing comparable econometric models for 11 countries, including both developing and developed countries. From these models it seeks to derive the export-income multiplier which can throw light on the question as to which countries are affected more than others by export fluctuations. The study shows that the long-run multiplier relating to both income and investment are generally larger for developing countries than for developed countries. In addition, for each country the dynamic multipliers have been used to derive the income path which is attributable to changes in exports as they actually occurred. The income path has been derived on the assumption that "real" exports grow at a constant rate every year. A comparison of these two simulated income series definitely shows that an increase in the instability of exports leads to an increase in the instability of income in every country. However, the impact of instability in exports on income growth rate is not in the same degree in all counties. In the case of only five countries, there is a decline in growth rate when there is an increase in instability of exports, even though a cross country regression shows that in general countries with higher instability in exports have on the average a lower growth rate.

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Working Papers | 1974

Some Results in Finding A Lower Bound of the Efficiency of Least Square Estimates Relative to Best Linear Estimates in Regression Model

Raghavacahari M

Consider the usual regression model Y = Xb + u. The standard estimators of b are (i) Least squares estimator and (ii) Best linear estimator. The paper gives some results on finding an attainable lower bound on the efficiency of least square estimates relative to the best linear estimate. Specifically the paper is an attempt to verify the validity of a conjecture made by G.S. Watson.

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Working Papers | 1974

Choice of Elective Courses in IIMA - An Application of Factor Analysis

Raghavacahari M and Sabharwal Y P

The report is based on a study made to find the factors influencing the choice of elective courses by the second year students of IIMA. The statistical technique of Factor Analysis has been used to identify the factors.

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Working Papers | 1974

Management of Rural Development Programme: Organizational Deficiencies and Strategies for Improvement

Gaikwad V R

The main burden of managing Rural Development Programmes falls on the District Administration which is operating unit of the government for specified region. The district Administration being an integral part of larger administrative system, suffers from the various maladies effecting the larger system. While the overall nature of deficiencies in Indian bureaucracy is well known, little is known about how these deficiencies affect the implementation process. This paper examines the administrative process to bring out whether some structural and organizational changes at the district level alone would be able to improve the efficiency of the machinery. It highlights some of the administrative processes that generally affect the performance of various management tasks at the district level and examines the different approaches for introducing structural changes in the system for improving its efficiency.

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Working Papers | 1974

Ahmedabad Disturbances: July 1973

Mohan Manendra

This paper as an exploratory attempt, presents the facts which will provide some insight into the nature of the July 1973 disturbances, makes a preliminary diagnosis of the causes for the disturbances and suggests some possible areas for further research. It was found that the three-day rioting had started as an economic protest but had quickly turned into a communal strife. While socio-economic, political and communal tensions could be held responsible for the riots, it was not possible to assign primacy to anyone of these factors. It is suggested that an intensive research on the socio-economic structure of Ahmedabad population be undertaken.

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Working Papers | 1974

Management of the Public Distribution System for Meeting the Needs of the Urban Poor

Chauhan K K S and Srivastava Uma Kant

The main objective of this study was to examine the factors which compel the poor to pay more than the better off sections of the society for the goods they buy. The study revealed that the poor end up paying more prices because they buy essential commodities in small quantities daily or twice a week from small shops located in their localities. These shops are able to charge much higher prices than the shops in the main markets because of lack of mobility on the part of poor people and the ignorance about the prices in the main markets. The Fair Price Shops are of little help in reviving the squeeze operating on the abject poor from the side of consumption. Certain ways of managing the fair price shops are suggested to take care of the needs of poor. For example, the study found that even those poor people who had ration cards, very often did not have money to buy their ration quota when turn came. Also they have to visit fair price shops 2 or 3 times to get their quota. This involves loss of wages for those days. Similarly, the commodity mix applied buy the fair price shops has to be different to meet the needs of poor. All these problems can be solved if the suggestions of the study are accepted.

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Working Papers | 1974

Orientation Towards Work and School: Cultural Context and Intervention Strategies

Pareek Udai

Cultural factors influence person's orientation towards work and school. Four categories distinguishing pre-industrial from industrial cultures are: 1. Permanence of roles (affiliation versus inclusion, collaboration versus competition, sureness versus tentativeness, and collectiveness versus individualism), 2. Societal Determinism (locus of control as external versus internal, dependency versus interdependence, and momentariness versus transcendence), 3. Experience and knowledge (egocentrism versus decentrism, and cognitive simplicity versus complexity), 4. Time orientation. For change in orientation to work, the following factors are important: 1. Time differentiation, 2. Role differentiation, 3. Temporary system membership, 4. Boundary differentiation, 5. Role hierarchy, 6. Reward system and 7. Use of tools. The factors influencing orientation to school are: 1. Decontextualization, 2. Development of internal control, 3. Development of abstract knowledge, 4. Systematic development, 5. Personal autonomy and 6. Group as a help. Various intervention strategies are discussed with special reference to orientation to work and school.

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Working Papers | 1974

Development of an Entrepreneur: A Behaviouristic Model

T. V. Rao

The paper presents a 5-step behaviouristic model for the development of entrepreneurs. The stages are (1) entrepreneurial dispositions, (2) decisions to be an entrepreneur; (3) professional socialization; (4) environmental explorations; and (5) organizational socialization. Several factors characterizing each stage are discussed. The model is a sequential decision process model. Research studies conducted in India have been quoted to support the different factors contributing to each stage and the process of the development of entrepreneurship. Implications of the model for future researches, selection and training of entrepreneurs have been discussed.

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Working Papers | 1974

Stochastic Models for Stock Price Fluctuations

Rangan A and Kalro A H

Two models for the stock price fluctuations are proposed. Defining a stochastic integral Y(t) for the cumulative stock price change, the first model deals with the transformed solution of the probability density function of Y(t). Introducing the serial dependence of the inputs, a semi-Markov model is proposed for the stock price fluctuations. The moments of Y(t) are obtained from an integral equation for the characteristic function of Y(t).

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