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3848 items in total found

Journal Articles | 2021

Space between products on display: The impact of interspace on consumer estimation of product size

Yuli Zhang, Hyokjin Kwak, Marina Puzakova, and Charles R. Taylor

Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science

This research examines the effect that leaving space between products has on consumers’ estimation of product size. We theorize and empirically confirm that when space is left between products (i.e., the display is interspaced), consumers are better able to distinguish the product from the environment, which results in more attention being devoted to the product, and, in turn, larger estimation of the product’s size. Furthermore, we demonstrate downstream outcomes (i.e., consumer choices, purchase intentions) of the effect of interspatial product display on product size estimates; that is consumers react more favorably to products that are displayed in an interspatial product display when their product usage goals require large-sized products. Meanwhile, non-interspatial product displays are preferred when consumers holding a consumption goal geared to a small product size. Finally, we validate and solidify these novel interspace effects in both advertising and retailing contexts via a series of six studies including five different product types (e.g., shampoo, food, water bottle).

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Journal Articles | 2021

Seasonal time trade-offs and nutrition outcomes for women in agriculture: Evidence from rural India

Vidya Vemireddy and Prabhu L Pingali

Food Policy

Women in agriculture are involved in agricultural activities and are solely responsible for household-level unpaid work. They face severe time trade-offs between agricultural and household activities across crop seasons. Recent literature suggests that these time trade-offs may negatively impact their nutrition. However, there is no quantitative evidence exploring this relationship within an agricultural context. This paper addresses this research gap by analyzing the relationship between women’s time trade-offs and their nutritional outcomes. Using a unique ten-month primary panel data of 960 women from India, our findings show that women are severely time-constrained, as they contribute significantly to agricultural as well as domestic work. Our results show that during peak seasons relative to lean seasons, women’s time trade-offs (rising opportunity cost of time) are negatively associated with the intake of calories, proteins, iron,zinc and Vitamin A. We show that this negative relationship is manifested severely among women who are landless and cultivate paddy alone (food crop) or paddy and cotton (mixed crop). This study highlights the gendered role of agricultural activities in rural households and the need to recognize time as a scarce resource when implementing policies and programs involving women in agriculture. We contribute to the literature of agriculture-nutrition linkages by examining the the time use pathway in detail. Besides providing novel metrics, we discuss several policy implications to reduce women’s time constraints and enhance their nutrition.

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Journal Articles | 2021

An Asia-centric approach to team innovation: Cultural differences in exploration and exploitation behavior

Sylvia Hubner, Michael Frese, Zhaoli Song, Neha Tripathi, Tamara Kaschner, and Xing Le Kong

Journal of Business Research

Journal Articles | 2021

How does the adoption of digital payment technologies influence unorganized retailers’ performance? An investigation in an emerging market

Anirban Adhikary, Krishna Sundar Diatha, Sourav Bikash Borah, and Amalesh Sharma

Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science

Unorganized retail dominates the retail landscape across emerging markets (EMs) and is undergoing rapid digitalization. However, the extant literature has not explored the impact of digital payment system adoption on unorganized retailer (UR) performance. By conducting three related studies and relying on the tenets of the resource-based view of firms, we show that digital payment technologies’ adoption increases economic performance (i.e., revenue) for a sample of 403 EM URs. This effect is enhanced by such retailers’ prioritization of technological investments and attenuated by their credit facilities. We find that card-based and app-based technologies positively impact UR performance. URs can maximize their performance by adopting two technologies, and there is a synergistic effect between card-based and account-based technologies. On average, adoption increases a UR’s economic performance by 9.6%. We present a nuanced understanding of whether, how much, and which digital payment technologies should be adopted by EM URs.

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Journal Articles | 2021

Competitive hub location problem: Model and solution approaches

Richa Tiwari, Sachin Jayaswal, and Ankur Sinha

Transportation Research Part B: Methodological

In this paper, we study the hub location problem of an airline that wants to set up its hub and spoke network, in order to maximize its market share in a competitive market. The market share is maximized under the assumption that customers choose amongst competing airlines on the basis of utility provided by the respective airlines. We provide model formulations for the airline’s problem for two alternate network settings: one in the multiple allocation setting and another in the single allocation setting. Both these formulations are non-linear integer programs, which are intractable for most of the off-the-shelf commercial solvers. We propose two alternate approaches for each of the formulations to solve them optimally. The first among them is based on a mixed integer second order conic program reformulation, and the second uses Kelley’s cutting plane method within Lagrangian relaxation. On the basis of extensive numerical tests on well-known data-sets (CAB and AP), we conclude that the Kelley’s cutting plane within Lagrangian relaxation is computationally the best for both the single and multiple allocation settings, especially for large instances. We are able to solve instances upto 50 nodes from AP data-set within 120 and 10 minutes of CPU time for single and multiple allocation settings, respectively, which were unsolved by mixed integer second order cone based reformulation or Kelley’s cutting plane algorithm in the maximum allowed CPU time (3 hours for single allocation and 1 hour for multiple allocation).

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Journal Articles | 2021

Do Big 4 auditors limit classification shifting? Evidence from India

Neerav Nagar, Naman Desai, and Joshy Jacob

Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation

Extant research suggests that Big 4 auditors compared to non-Big 4 auditors act as a superior deterrent to accrual-based earnings management. We extend this research to another form of earnings management, classification shifting. Our study examines whether Big 4 auditors are more likely to reduce classification shifting in settings where the enforcement of laws is weak. Big 4 accounting firms, because of their global operations, have incentives to develop and maintain strong and uniform reputation globally. Consistent with this argument, we find that employing Big 4 auditors in India is associated with significantly lower levels of classification shifting. Our results also indicate that Big 4 auditors are likely to charge significantly higher fees than non-Big 4 auditors, which, in turn, is associated with a significant reduction in classification shifting.

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Journal Articles | 2021

Optimal monopoly mechanisms with demand uncertainty

James Peck and Jeevant Rampal

Mathematics of Operations Research

This paper analyzes a monopoly firm’s profit-maximizing mechanism in the following context. There is a continuum of consumers with a unit demand for a good. The distribution of the consumers’ valuations is given by one of two possible demand distributions/states. The consumers are uncertain about the demand state, and they update their beliefs after observing their own valuation for the good. The firm is uncertain about the demand state but infers it from the consumers’ reported valuations. The firm’s problem is to maximize profits by choosing an optimal mechanism among the class of anonymous, deterministic, direct revelation mechanisms that satisfy interim incentive compatibility and ex post individual rationality. We show that, under certain sufficient conditions, the firm’s optimal mechanism is to set the monopoly price in each demand state. Under these conditions, Segal’s optimal ex post mechanism is robust to relaxing ex post incentive compatibility to interim incentive compatibility.

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Journal Articles | 2021

Women’s disempowerment and preferences for skin lightening products that reinforce colorism: Experimental evidence from India

Arzi Adbi, Chirantan Chatterjee, Clarissa Cortland, Zoe Kinias, and Jasjit Singh

Psychology of Women Quarterly

Global racism and colorism, the preference for fairer skin even within ethnic and racial groups, leads millions of women of African, Asian, and Latin descent to use products with chemical ingredients intended to lighten skin color. Drawing from literatures on the impact of chronic and situational disempowerment on behavioral risk-taking to enhance status, we hypothesized that activating feelings of disempowerment would increase women of color’s interest in stronger and riskier products meant to lighten skin tone quickly and effectively. In two experiments (Experiment 1: N = 253 women and 264 men; Experiment 2: replication study, N = 318 women) with distinct samples of Indian participants, we found that being in a state of psychological disempowerment (vs. empowerment) increased Indian women’s preference for stronger and riskier skin lightening products but not for milder products. Indian men’s interest in both types of products was unaffected by the same psychological disempowerment prime. Based on these findings, we recommend increased consideration among teaching faculty, research scholars, and clinicians on how feeling disempowered can lead women of color to take risks to lighten their skin as well as other issues of intersectionality and with respect to colorism. We also encourage the adoption of policies aimed at empowering women of color and minimizing access to harmful skin lightening products.

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Journal Articles | 2021

Estimation of Poisson mean with under‐reported counts: a double sampling approach

Debjit Sengupta, Tathagata Banerjee, and Surupa Roy

Australian & New Zealand Journal of Statistics

Count data arising in various fields of applications are often under-reported. Ignoring undercount naturally leads to biased estimators and inaccurate confidence intervals. In the presence of undercount, in this paper, we develop likelihood-based methodologies for estimation of mean using validation data. The asymptotic distributions of the competing estimators of the mean are derived. The impact of ignoring undercount on the coverage and length of the confidence intervals is investigated using extensive numerical studies. Finally an analysis of heat mortality data is presented.

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Journal Articles | 2021

Stochastic modeling of multiline orders in integrated storage‐order picking system

Vishal Bansal and Debjit Roy

Naval Research Logistics (NRL)

Due to demanding service levels in e-commerce order fulfillment, modeling and analysis of integrated storage and order picking processes in warehouses deserve special attention. The upstream storage system can have a significant impact on the performance of the downstream order picking process. With a particular focus on multiline e-commerce orders, we develop an analytical modeling framework for integrated analysis of upstream (shuttle-based storage and retrieval system) and downstream (pick system) networks. To capture the consolidation delays in fulfilling multiline orders, the downstream pick system is modeled with a closed queuing network that includes synchronization nodes. The configuration of the synchronization station is adapted to model the variety of order profiles handled at the pick station. For the downstream closed queuing network, we propose a decomposition-based solution methodology that results in good solution accuracy. The resulting semi-open queuing network (SOQN) of the integrated system is analyzed using the matrix-geometric method (MGM). To improve the accuracy of analytical estimates of the measures, we propose a hybrid simulation/analytical framework, where the performance measures of complex subnetworks are obtained from simulation. We also develop a detailed simulation model of the physical system for validating the analytical and hybrid estimates of the performance measures. The results from experiments indicate that the hybrid simulation/analytical approach reduces the error in the throughput time estimates to 3% from 18% obtained from the analytical model. Then, we investigate the effect of the upstream network configuration (such as the number of storage aisles) and the downstream network configuration (such as the mixed vs. dedicated picking, CONWIP control for orders, order batching) on the order throughput times. Our analysis provides a threshold on the maximum numbers of allowable orders (CONWIP control) and number of aisles beyond which the improvement in average throughput time of the integrated system is marginal. Numerical experiments with high-order arrivals also highlight that mixed picking in the downstream network can result in significant throughput time reduction in comparison to dedicated picking.

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