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3846 items in total found

Journal Articles | 2019

Extended hesitant fuzzy linguistic term set with fuzzy confidence for solving group decision-making problems

R Krishankumar, K S Ravichandran, Manish Aggarwal, and Sanjay K Tyagi

Neural Computing and Applications

This paper presents a new extension of the hesitant fuzzy linguistic term set (HFLTS) called intuitionistic fuzzy confidence-based HFLTS that associates an intuitionistic fuzzy value (IFV) with each linguistic term. The resulting term set is termed as intuitionistic fuzzy confidence hesitant fuzzy linguistic term set (IFCHFLTS). The previous studies on the linguistic decision making have emphasized little upon the preference and non-preference for each of the linguistic terms. This information, however, is crucial in multi-criteria decision making under uncertainty. In this regard, we find IFV particularly useful for qualifying each of the linguistic terms with the agent’s degree of preference, non-preference, and hesitation values. Besides, a new aggregation operator named intuitionistic fuzzy confidence linguistic simple weighted geometry (IFCLSWG) is also proposed to fuse decision makers’ linguistic preferences. Further, the criteria weights are estimated using a new method called intuitionistic fuzzy confidence linguistic standard variance. An approach is also suggested for ranking the given alternatives by adapting VIKOR under the proposed IFCHFLTS context. Finally, the practicality and usefulness of the proposal are demonstrated through two real-world problems in green supplier selection for manufacturing industry, and medical diagnosis. The strengths and weaknesses of the proposal are also highlighted by drawing upon a comparison with similar methods.

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Journal Articles | 2019

Bridging the gap between probabilistic and fuzzy entropy

Manish Aggarwal

IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems

The real world decision-making often involves a comparison of uncertain systems, or alternatives based on fuzzy evaluations. The concept of fuzzy entropy is quite useful in such situations. This paper critically examines the existing fuzzy entropy functions, and redefine them to add to their usefulness as measures of the fuzzy uncertainty in decision-making applications. More specifically, new variants of the extant Luca & Termini, and Pal & Pal fuzzy entropy functions are proposed. The proposed fuzzy entropy functions are extended for the probabilistic-fuzzy uncertainty, commonly observed in the real world. A real application is included to demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed entropy functions in decision-making applications.

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Journal Articles | 2019

Attitudinal choice models with applications in human decision making

Manish Aggarwal

International Journal of Intelligent Systems

A new family of attitudinal discrete choice models is proposed by considering the attitudinal character and the weight vector, both of which are specific to a decision maker (DM). Given the attribute values of different alternatives, the proposed models give varying choice probabilities, as per the DM's-specific attitudinal character and the weight vector. It is also shown that the conventional discrete choice models are the special cases of the proposed attitudinal models. The proposed choice models are also generalized through an additional parameter to add to their capabilities. An application on real data is included to demonstrate their usefulness in the real world.

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Journal Articles | 2019

Nuclear energy safety, regulatory independence, and judicial deference: The case of the Atomic Energy Regulatory Board of India

M P Ram Mohan, K V Gopakumar, and Tyson Smith

Administration & Society

Research examining regulatory independence has either suggested de jure independence to be a predictor of de facto independence or suggested that the presence of de jure may not always indicate de facto independence. We study the Indian Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB) to emphasize how AERB has enjoyed de facto independence, even in the absence of de jure independence. Using “judicial deference” principle, and through a mapping of substantive court cases, the article demonstrates Indian judiciary has consistently applied deference to AERB’s decision-making process, thereby showing confidence in the nuclear regulatory regime sustained as its inception.

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Journal Articles | 2019

Medical negligence and law application of the Bolam and Bolitho rules in India

M P Ram Mohan and Vishakha Raj

Economic and Political Weekly

India has adopted the Bolam rule from the United Kingdom and has been using it to adjudicate cases of medical negligence. The evolution of the Bolam rule in the UK as well as the way the rule is applied in India by the Supreme Court reflects a balance between judicial intervention and deference to medical expertise. Although it is settled that it is the courts and not medical experts who must finally decide on whether the conduct of a doctor is negligent, the standards to be used when evaluating expert evidence and the extent to which such cases must be deferred to are evolving. The Supreme Court has not clearly stated the judicial standard against which it will test these differing opinions of medical experts and has not been consistent in its willingness to do so. Therefore, the application of the Bolam rule in India has been inconsistent and this is likely to have an impact on the decisions made by medical practitioners.

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Journal Articles | 2019

Grade configuration is associated with school-level standardized test pass rates for sixth-, seventh-, and eighth-grade students

Marisa Malone, Dewey G Cornell, and Kathan Shukla

School Effectiveness and School Improvement

Educators and researchers have long debated the best grade configuration grouping for middle grade students. This study examined school-level differences in reading and mathematics standardized test pass rates for students placed in middle schools versus alternative grade configurations. Latent growth modeling was conducted separately for 6th, 7th, and 8th grades across a 3-year sampling period. Sixth-grade pass rates were significantly higher in elementary schools (e.g., Kindergarten–7th grade) than in middle schools for reading (78.9% vs. 72.0%) and mathematics (82.5% vs. 76.3%). Seventh-grade pass rates in elementary schools were also significantly higher than in middle schools for reading (78.5% vs. 75.9%) and mathematics (83.1% vs. 69.2%). Eighth-grade pass rates were significantly higher in middle schools than in high schools (e.g., 8th–12th grade) for both subjects (74.7% vs. 70.0% for reading, 63.3% vs. 52.0% for mathematics). These findings suggest that students benefit from remaining in elementary school through at least 7th grade.

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Journal Articles | 2019

Improving the measurement of school climate using item response theory

Sarah Lindstrom Johnson, Ray E. Reichenberg, Kathan Shukla, Tracy E. Waasdorp, and Catherine P. Bradshaw

Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice

The U.S. government has become increasingly focused on school climate, as recently evidenced by its inclusion as an accountability indicator in the Every Student Succeeds Act. Yet, there remains considerable variability in both conceptualizing and measuring school climate. To better inform the research and practice related to school climate and its measurement, we leveraged item response theory (IRT), a commonly used psychometric approach for the design of achievement assessments, to create a parsimonious measure of school climate that operates across varying individual characteristics. Students (n = 69,513) in 111 secondary schools completed a school climate assessment focused on three domains of climate (i.e., safety, engagement, and environment), as defined by the U.S. Department of Education. Item and test characteristics were estimated using the mirt package in R using unidimensional IRT. Analyses revealed measurement difficulties that resulted in a greater ability to assess less favorable perspectives on school climate. Differential item functioning analyses indicated measurement differences based on student academic success. These findings support the development of a broad measure of school climate but also highlight the importance of work to ensure precision in measuring school climate, particularly when considering use as an accountability measure.

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Journal Articles | 2019

Can subordinate voice prevail with abusive supervision? A conceptual model using conservation of resources perspective

K.V. Gopakumar and Sweta Singh

Management Research Review

Purpose

Drawing from conservation of resources (COR) theory, this study aims to explain why certain voice types prevail while other voice types are inhibited in the presence of abusive supervision.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper surveys extant literature on abusive supervision, employee voice and COR theory and provides propositions linking abusive supervision and types of voice behaviours.

Findings

The paper develops a conceptual model linking abusive supervision and three types of subordinate voice behaviours – prosocial, defensive and acquiescent voices. It identifies psychological distress as a mediator and locus of control as a moderator to this relationship.

Originality/value

This paper deepens our present understanding of abusive supervision and voice relationship by explaining why only certain voice types prevail with abusive supervision while others do not. While extant literature concluded abusive supervision only as an inhibitor of voice behaviours, the present study identifies how abusive supervision could both inhibit and motivate different voice behaviours. Further, it links abusive supervision to multiple voice types, diverting from extant literature linking abusive supervision to only constructive voice. Lastly, this study contributes to resource acquisition strategies within COR theory.

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Journal Articles | 2019

Trust in humanitarian operations: a content analytic approach for an Indian NGO

Prakash Awasthy, K.V. Gopakumar, Sirish Kumar Gouda, and Tanushree Haldar

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION RESEARCH

Trust between partners, a key element enabling coordination across supply chains, has recently started gaining attention in humanitarian operations literature. Yet, empirical examination of this concept is scant. Borrowing from extant literature on trust within organisational behaviour stream, this paper aims to empirically verify trust formation types: companion, competence and commitment, in a disaster relief supply chain using primary and secondary data from an Indian Humanitarian relief organisation (HRO). Further, we identify variations in trust formation during disaster relief activities and developmental programmes, and between upstream and downstream partners of a humanitarian relief organisation. Based on the results of our content analysis, we contend that while companion based trust is significantly more prevalent during developmental programmes, competence based trust is important during both disaster periods and otherwise. We also find that there are significant differences in the trust formation between upstream and downstream partners and the HRO. This study has significant theoretical and practical implications on identifying the role of trust in humanitarian operations.

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Journal Articles | 2019

Exploring the role of urban green spaces in 'smartening' cities in India

Rama Mohana R Turaga, Sandip Chakrabarti, Urmila Jha-Thakur, and Dipita Hossain

Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal

This paper explores the conceptualization of Urban Green Space (UGS) within India’s urban planning process. In doing so, the context of the Smart Cities Mission (SCM), which is a flagship programme for urban transformation in the country, is chosen. We identified four key elements of UGS planning in the literature – quantity, accessibility, multifunctionality, and connectivity. Using this as a framework for analysis, we reviewed the national SCM guidelines and plans of four cities – Gwalior, Bhagalpur, Chandigarh, and Udaipur – in depth. We find that multifunctionality does not feature in the planning of UGS, and the notable absence of a connected, strategic vision suggests the need for strategic-level planning and assessment that goes beyond the project level in India.

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