Indian corporate sector is on the threshold of a major restructuring wave, with a new round of mergers, acquisitions and divestitures and demergers in the offing. This phase is likely to be qualitatively and quantitatively different from the earlier round in the first four years of economic reforms. This paper discusses some of the principal driving forces behind the new wave such as the continued low market valuation of a large number of companies, correction of managerial mistakes and cost pressures in several fragmented industries. This also examines the implications of recent regulatory changes for corporate restructuring in India.