This paper analysed the malaria control and eradication activities in India from 1953-54 to 1976-77. The total cost of the disease to the nation with the control and eradication programme and what it would have been if the programme were not to be launched were estimated for each of the years. The difference between the two estimates for a given year is defined to be a measure of benefits derived from control of the disease. The results obtained have been further analysed and their implications to the programme have been discussed.