The paper takes up a case study of a primary school in one of the tribal villages of Panchmahals district, Gujarat. The objective was to study whether the special incentives for primary education given to certain selected villages in backward areas, have had any impact on increasing enrolment and retention of students in standards I to IV. The study presents a brief background to the introduction of the incentives programme, a profile of the village and some of the pupils and the teachers of the school. It puts forward data regarding the distribution pattern of the different kinds of incentives and the beneficiaries and the impact of the same on standard and sex-wise enrolment and attendance from the time of introduction of the incentive programme.