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743 items in total found

Journal Articles | 2019

Spirituality and innovative behaviour in teams: Examining the mediating role of team learning

Ashish Pandey, Vishal Gupta, and Rajen K. Gupta

IIMB Management Review

Employees’ creative and innovative contributions greatly influence an organisation's success. Drawing on positive affect, adult learning theory, work engagement, and the componential theory of creativity, this study examines relationships among team spiritual climate, team learning, and team innovative work behaviours. Data were collected from 336 employees of 66 teams across 12 business organisations in India. An analysis of relationships was performed with team-level aggregated scores of individual responses using structural equation modelling. Results suggest that spiritual climate has a positive association with learning in teams, and team learning mediates the relationship between spiritual climate and team-level innovative behaviours.

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Journal Articles | 2019

Numeracy and financial literacy of forest-dependent communities

Sundar Balakrishna and Vineet Virmani

Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers

The article examines the numeracy and financial literacy of the Indian forest-dependent communities (FDC) involved in the joint forest management (JFM) programme, launched by the Government of India in 1990. An understanding of the financial literacy levels of the Indian FDCs may provide insights to policymakers regarding customized literacy programmes that can reduce exploitation from petty traders and local forest officials. The research draws sample data from FDCs of two geographical regions with differing resource endowments (Rayalaseema and the coastal region) in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. The results show that a third of the sampled members of the FDCs were able to answer the questions on probability and simple interest correctly. At least half of the sample had a clear idea on the time value of money and had less difficulty in computing when the mathematical questions were framed in the form of sentences which embedded situations from their daily lives. Participants, however, faced difficulty in recognizing mathematical symbols and performing simple computations in addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. The average scores of the sample in the standard numeracy and financial literacy tests were 4.98 (out of 12 points) and 1.32 (out of 5 points), respectively.

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Journal Articles | 2019

Addressing the undergraduate internship challenge in developing countries:A “learning-by-doing” project-based online internship model

Vijaya Sherry Chand and Ketan S. Deshmukh

Education And Training

Purpose

The difficulties higher education institutions in developing countries face in finding adequate and relevant onsite student internship opportunities make a case for online internships. The purpose of this paper is to present an online internship model, developed over a two-year period, which challenged students to engage in learning-by-doing projects that addressed a key barrier in the implementation of ICT policies in public education, the paucity of audio-visual content in local languages.

Design/methodology/approach

The design of the model comprised the development of instructional videos by 340 interns, the evaluation of the videos by two interns and their testing by 31 interns through a field experiment using a between-subjects pre-test – post-test design in 54 schools. The process was repeated the following year with the field experiment replaced by the development of teaching manuals. The changes in reflective learning among 112 of the 119 interns who developed video content in this repeat round were assessed.

Findings

The field experiment found that the intern-developed videos improved Mathematics and Science scores among school students but not the attitudes to these subjects. Participation in online internships improved reflective learning.

Research limitations/implications

The evaluation of change in reflective learning is based on self-reported measures.

Practical implications

The online internship model presented in the paper can address concerns related to inadequate internship opportunities, while addressing gaps in public policy implementation by systems such as education, health and rural development.

Originality/value

The paper outlines the design of an online student internship model and a methodology for implementing it. The study indicates the feasibility of a low-cost, large-scale online model of internship.

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Journal Articles | 2019

Women's political leadership and economic empowerment: Evidence from public works in India

Klaus Deininger, Hari K Nagarajan, and Sudhir K Singh

Journal of Comparative Economics

Despite recent advances, women trail men in political participation, especially in developing countries where the long-term economic benefits from empowering women politically have not been well-researched. We use data from 163 villages of 12 main Indian states to explore whether requiring that village leadership positions be held by women (political reservation) affected uptake of economic opportunities via the National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme. Reservation triggered increases in women's demand for work, program participation, and access to financial services that were sustained beyond the period of female political leadership. Enhanced female participation in program oversight, civic engagement, and electoral participation are plausible channels for such effects and political and economic empowerment seem to be complementary.

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Journal Articles | 2019

Framework for sustainable maintenance system: ISM fuzzy MICMAC and TOPSIS approach

Rajesh Kumar Singh and Ayush Gupta (FPM)

Annals of Operations Research

Due to the increasing complexity of manufacturing processes and automation, maintenance of all machines and equipments has become challenging task for production managers today. Due to lack of sensitivity for maintenance, share of maintenance cost in total product cost is also increasing along with decreased productivity. Organizations are either quite slow or getting failed in updating their maintenance systems with time. Keeping in view the importance of maintenance in today’s context, this study has tried to develop a framework for a sustainable maintenance system for manufacturing organizations. Usually organizations are not able to identify critical factors for effective maintenance. Therefore, in this context, the study has identified fourteen factors for the effective maintenance management from the literature review. Some of these factors are process oriented and some are result oriented. Interpretive structural modeling approach is applied for the development of structural relationship among the factors from a strategic perspective. Fuzzy MICMAC analysis is then carried out to categorize these factors based on their driving and dependence value. Further to prioritise major driving factors, Technique for order preferences by similarity of an ideal solution approach has been also applied. It is observed that top management support and commitment, strategic planning and implementation, continuous upgradation of maintenance system to reduce manufacturing lead time and cost are major factors to ensure the sustainable competitive advantage.

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Journal Articles | 2019

Attitudinal choice models with applications in human decision making

Manish Aggarwal

International Journal of Intelligent Systems

A new family of attitudinal discrete choice models is proposed by considering the attitudinal character and the weight vector, both of which are specific to a decision maker (DM). Given the attribute values of different alternatives, the proposed models give varying choice probabilities, as per the DM's-specific attitudinal character and the weight vector. It is also shown that the conventional discrete choice models are the special cases of the proposed attitudinal models. The proposed choice models are also generalized through an additional parameter to add to their capabilities. An application on real data is included to demonstrate their usefulness in the real world.

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Journal Articles | 2019

Medical negligence and law application of the Bolam and Bolitho rules in India

M P Ram Mohan and Vishakha Raj

Economic and Political Weekly

India has adopted the Bolam rule from the United Kingdom and has been using it to adjudicate cases of medical negligence. The evolution of the Bolam rule in the UK as well as the way the rule is applied in India by the Supreme Court reflects a balance between judicial intervention and deference to medical expertise. Although it is settled that it is the courts and not medical experts who must finally decide on whether the conduct of a doctor is negligent, the standards to be used when evaluating expert evidence and the extent to which such cases must be deferred to are evolving. The Supreme Court has not clearly stated the judicial standard against which it will test these differing opinions of medical experts and has not been consistent in its willingness to do so. Therefore, the application of the Bolam rule in India has been inconsistent and this is likely to have an impact on the decisions made by medical practitioners.

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Journal Articles | 2019

Grade configuration is associated with school-level standardized test pass rates for sixth-, seventh-, and eighth-grade students

Marisa Malone, Dewey G Cornell, and Kathan Shukla

School Effectiveness and School Improvement

Educators and researchers have long debated the best grade configuration grouping for middle grade students. This study examined school-level differences in reading and mathematics standardized test pass rates for students placed in middle schools versus alternative grade configurations. Latent growth modeling was conducted separately for 6th, 7th, and 8th grades across a 3-year sampling period. Sixth-grade pass rates were significantly higher in elementary schools (e.g., Kindergarten–7th grade) than in middle schools for reading (78.9% vs. 72.0%) and mathematics (82.5% vs. 76.3%). Seventh-grade pass rates in elementary schools were also significantly higher than in middle schools for reading (78.5% vs. 75.9%) and mathematics (83.1% vs. 69.2%). Eighth-grade pass rates were significantly higher in middle schools than in high schools (e.g., 8th–12th grade) for both subjects (74.7% vs. 70.0% for reading, 63.3% vs. 52.0% for mathematics). These findings suggest that students benefit from remaining in elementary school through at least 7th grade.

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Journal Articles | 2019

Improving the measurement of school climate using item response theory

Sarah Lindstrom Johnson, Ray E. Reichenberg, Kathan Shukla, Tracy E. Waasdorp, and Catherine P. Bradshaw

Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice

The U.S. government has become increasingly focused on school climate, as recently evidenced by its inclusion as an accountability indicator in the Every Student Succeeds Act. Yet, there remains considerable variability in both conceptualizing and measuring school climate. To better inform the research and practice related to school climate and its measurement, we leveraged item response theory (IRT), a commonly used psychometric approach for the design of achievement assessments, to create a parsimonious measure of school climate that operates across varying individual characteristics. Students (n = 69,513) in 111 secondary schools completed a school climate assessment focused on three domains of climate (i.e., safety, engagement, and environment), as defined by the U.S. Department of Education. Item and test characteristics were estimated using the mirt package in R using unidimensional IRT. Analyses revealed measurement difficulties that resulted in a greater ability to assess less favorable perspectives on school climate. Differential item functioning analyses indicated measurement differences based on student academic success. These findings support the development of a broad measure of school climate but also highlight the importance of work to ensure precision in measuring school climate, particularly when considering use as an accountability measure.

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Journal Articles | 2019

Can subordinate voice prevail with abusive supervision? A conceptual model using conservation of resources perspective

K.V. Gopakumar and Sweta Singh

Management Research Review

Purpose

Drawing from conservation of resources (COR) theory, this study aims to explain why certain voice types prevail while other voice types are inhibited in the presence of abusive supervision.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper surveys extant literature on abusive supervision, employee voice and COR theory and provides propositions linking abusive supervision and types of voice behaviours.

Findings

The paper develops a conceptual model linking abusive supervision and three types of subordinate voice behaviours – prosocial, defensive and acquiescent voices. It identifies psychological distress as a mediator and locus of control as a moderator to this relationship.

Originality/value

This paper deepens our present understanding of abusive supervision and voice relationship by explaining why only certain voice types prevail with abusive supervision while others do not. While extant literature concluded abusive supervision only as an inhibitor of voice behaviours, the present study identifies how abusive supervision could both inhibit and motivate different voice behaviours. Further, it links abusive supervision to multiple voice types, diverting from extant literature linking abusive supervision to only constructive voice. Lastly, this study contributes to resource acquisition strategies within COR theory.

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