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2761 items in total found

Working Papers | 1985

The Influence of Industry Structure on Firm Perfomances and Conduct in a Managerial Theory of the Firm

John K C

In this paper a general model of industrial organizations is developed along the lines of the managerial theories of the firm. The utility function of management and shareholders-the two important stakeholders of contemporary organizations-are embedded within a framework due to Svejnar and Kalai. The model explicitly considers market structure, entry conditions and firm financial structure in order to generate a wide range of empirically verifiable hypotheses. The equilibrium and comparative static implications of the formulated model are explored. Several empirically testable proposition are generated by this analysis.

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Working Papers | 1985

Organizational Effectiveness: Post-1976 Survey of Indian Research

Khandwalla P N

The paper examines the concept, determinants, and implications of the effectiveness of complex organizations in the Indian development context. The terms effectiveness, complex organization, and Indian developmental context are first discussed briefly. A model of organizational effectiveness drawing upon global work on contingency, systems, strategic choice, and synergy approaches is presented. Post-1976 Indian work relevant to organizational effectiveness is surveyed, with the organization as a whole rather than the individual organizational member, as the focus of enquiry. An attempt is made to examine the contribution of this work in terms of the delineated model of organizational effectiveness of strategic organizations that play a vital role in socio-economic development. The review summarizes the findings on the determinants and consequences of organizational effectiveness. It concludes by identifying some major research gaps and proposes several hypotheses to spur fresh research.

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Working Papers | 1985

A Pure Relational Algebra Query Language Using D BASE II

Chaudhuri Pralay Sen and Ankolekar Suresh

This paper discusses the development of a query language based on relational algebra implemented using dBASE II. It is observed that dBASE II is relationally incomplete in the sense that certain relational algebra operators cannot be directly simulated at the dBASE II command level. Secondly, dBASE II does not remove duplicate tuples leading to redundancy in processing and display. Thirdly, dBASE II is characterized by considerable 'command overheads' consisting of preparatory chores to be performed by the users in terms of activation of relations in appropriate workspaces. The Pure Relational Algebra Query Language (PRAQL) developed using dBASE II overcomes these limitations.

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Working Papers | 1985

The Defective Coin Problem: An Algorithmic Analysis

Ankolekar Suresh, Das Gupta A, and Srinivasan G

The defective coin problem involves identification of defective coin, if any, and ascertain the nature of the defect (heavier/lighter) from a set of coins containing at the most one defective coin, using an equal-arm pan-balance. The solution strategy to minimise number of weightings required to detect the defective coin is based on problem reduction approach involving successive decomposition of the problem into subproblems until it is trivially solved. One of the two types of subproblems is visualised as combination of pair of antithetic problems, leading to an optimal solution procedures which is simply a term by term merger of corresponding antithetic procedures. Also, the algorithm is capable of generating all possible optimal solutions.

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Working Papers | 1985

A Mixed Integer Linear Programming Model for Selection of Energy Systems and Allocation of Energy to Multiple End-Uses

P. R. Shukla and Moulik T K

This paper presents a Mixed Integer Linear Programming model for selection of energy system and allocation of energy that satisfies energy needs of multiple end-uses at a location and minimizes the sum of annual fixed and variable costs. The energy generation and distribution is modelled as two stages of energy transfer, i.e., the energy generated at first stage energy systems is distributed sometimes via second stage energy systems to the ultimate end-uses. The model includes several time periods during a year to realistically accommodate different efficiencies of energy systems and varying energy demand during different periods of a year. Application of the model to four villages is discussed. Sensitivity analysis is presented indicating the sensitive areas which need attention of developmental agencies and which can contribute towards reducing the energy costs and encourage utilization of local energy resources.

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Working Papers | 1985

Policy Issues for Long Term Growth of Fertilizer Use in Bangladesh

Desai G M

This paper discusses policy issues relevant to sustained rapid growth in Bangaladesh's fertilizer consumption. Section II is an overview of fertilizer consumption as it has evolved over the years. It also provides comparative perspective on the performance of Bangaladesh among developing countries. Section III discusses policy requireemnets of long-term rapid growth in fertilizer use, keeping in mind various features of, and major forces behind, the past growth. The paper concludes that, notwithstanding the policy of phasing out fertilizer subsidies adopted by the government, there is a substantial scope for growth in fertilizer use. Utilization of this scope, however, requires a new policy orientation. The emphasis on prices needs to be replaced by concentration on the productivity and efficiency of fertilizer use as key target variables in policies to raise farmers' returns on fertilizers. Different factors affecting growth in fertilizer use need to be viewed not in isolation from each other, but as a set of interacting variables which can be manipulated through policy interventions. The dominant aim of these interventions should be faster development and well-coordinated working of systems which influence the rate of growth in fertilizer use.

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Working Papers | 1985

Experience with Case Method in Short Duration Executive Development Programmes

M. R. Dixit and A. K. Jain

Short Duration Executive Development Programme (SEDPs) bear certain characteristics that pose significant problems to instructors and coordinators in the effective use of case method in achieving the learning objectives of these programmes. This paper identifies and analyses such problems and discusses the approaches for handling these contingencies effectively. This has been done on the basis of the authors and their colleagues experiences over a decade. The special characteristics of SEDPs include lack of flexibility in the time table, heterogeneity in background, experience and expectations, lower stakes of the participants in the programme and significant stakes of the faculty in the programme. The contingencies discussed have been grouped into the first day, problems, issues incase discussion, classroom behaviour and breakdown and terminal frustration. It is argued in the paper that certain compromises in the non-directed case discussion method would lead to significant improvement in participants learning in SEDPs. The paper provides useful suggestions to instructors and coordinators not only for better in class handling of contingencies but also for better academic planning of SEDPs.

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Working Papers | 1985

The School Incentives Program: A Case Study of Ambakach Primary School, Limkheda Taluka, Gujarat

Pandya Mamta and Rao Arunashree P

The paper takes up a case study of a primary school in one of the tribal villages of Panchmahals district, Gujarat. The objective was to study whether the special incentives for primary education given to certain selected villages in backward areas, have had any impact on increasing enrolment and retention of students in standards I to IV. The study presents a brief background to the introduction of the incentives programme, a profile of the village and some of the pupils and the teachers of the school. It puts forward data regarding the distribution pattern of the different kinds of incentives and the beneficiaries and the impact of the same on standard and sex-wise enrolment and attendance from the time of introduction of the incentive programme.

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Working Papers | 1985

Rural Development Programmes: A Management Approach.

Samir K. Barua, Gurdev Singh, and Seetharaman S P

Rural development programmes (RDPs) can be broadly classified as enterprise oriented and labour service oriented programmes. This paper discusses the strategy that needs to be adopted for ensuring effective implementation of enterprise oriented programmes. The key features for ensuring success of such programmes are: a) centralisation of the management of risky activities, b) making the activity size neutral at the individual level, and c) controlling a sizeable share in the output market. This will not only make the project economically viable but also acceptable to the beneficiaries. More importantly if the programmes are organized in this way there would be no need for any subsidy. We have shown how these key features could be incorporated by taking example of one most popular RDP on poultry. Identical steps ae necessary for ensuring success of similar enterprise oriented RDPs.

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Working Papers | 1985

Ivestment Allowance Vs. General Tax Reduction Evaluation of Policy Option

Gupta Ramesh and Srinivasan G

The paper evaluates the general tax reduction in lieu of investment allowance. The general tax reduction affects the tax rates and has universal impact, while investment allowance helps lower the tax base and thus, affects different tax payers differently. By analyzing the impact of two alternatives on acceptance of a new project and relating it to existing operations, it is concluded that under the Finance Minister's proposal of reducing tax rates from 52.5 per cent to 45 per cent in lieu of investment allowance, the companies to be adversely affected are those which have at minimum more than 20 per cent growth in their profits. Not many companies are growing at that rate. Further research is advocated in the area of replacement cost depreciation and productive capacity creation, utilization and its profitability.

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