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Working Papers | 1996

The Constrained Equal Awards Solution for Claims Problems

Lahiri Somdeb

In this paper we propose a variable population framework for the study of claims problems and obtain characterizations of the constrained equal award rule using the following properties: envy-freeness, individual rationality from equal division, resource monotonicity and bilateral consistency.

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Working Papers | 1996

Augmenting Career Development for Women: Agenda for Organizations and Individuals

Deepti Bhatnagar and Pandey Avinash

Women's career development in organizations is oftn different from that of men. Although competent women, like competent men aspire for top positions of leadership in organizations, such positions often elude them. This is because the dual role responsibility of women in the work and home sphere prevents them from adopting the traditional hierarchical (male) model of career progress. The facilitate women's career development, it is our contention that one needs to begin with a better understanding of the structure of career opportunities in organizations, along with an appreciation of the diversity of women employees and the career options that they select. Our paper begins with a discussion of possible career movement opportunities in organizations, using the three-dimensional framework proposed by Schein (1971). The paper then looks at the career choices and consequent career paths that are actually adopted by career women in organizations. Based on an analysis of the above, the paper ends with specific suggestions for organizations and women so as to help facilitate the career development of women.

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Working Papers | 1996

A Reconsideration of some Solutions for two Dimensional Choice Problems

Lahiri Somdeb

In this paper, we take up the outstanding problem of axiomatically characterizing what we referred to in the paper as the additive choice function on the classical domain for choice problems. Apart from an impossibility result for the additive choice function, there is an axiomatic characterization, which as a by-product provides a counter example to a conjecture for the egalitarian choice function. In an appendix, we provide a proof of an axiomatic characterization of the egalitarian choice function using a superadditivity axiom. Also, in this paper, we provide proofs of axiomatic characterizations of the family of non-symmetric Nash Choice functions and the family of weighted hierarchies of choice functions. Our conclusion is that earlier axiomatizations are essentially preserved on the classical domain for choice problems. The proofs are significant in being non-trivial and very dissimilar to existing proofs on their domains.

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Working Papers | 1996

The New Logic of Indian Ventures Abroad: Three Case Studies

Korwar Ashok

This paper reports the findings of a study to understand the logic of Indian ventures abroad in the 1980s and beyond. Three case studies are analysed in detail. The motives behind these ventures are compared with the motives of Indian ventures set up in earlier decades. Major differences are found here. Our modern ventures appear to be set up in pursuit of market knowledge development and control of marketing mix, rather than in search of growth opportunities in protected environments. Implications for theory and for Indian managers, are also drawn.

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Working Papers | 1996

Conceptualizing Strategies for Technology Development: A Case Study of an Indian Licenses

Rakesh Basant and Pankaj Chandra

The ensuing economic liberalization in the country has been a rapid increase in licensing and joint venture arrangements involving Indian firms. For long term growth, the domestic firms will have to develop mechanisms and strategies to learn from these tie-ups. Available literature suggests that, in the past, Indian firms have not been able to build on the knowledge acquired through such linkages. Often licensing contracts do not provide adequate knowledge about the licensed product which would enable the licensee to modify and develop it further. Such a strategy requires, first, to identify those elements of technology that are essential for building on licensed technology and have not been transferred by the licensor, and second, to generate capabilities in order to acquire and/or develop these elements. This paper presents a framework for analyzing technology strategies at the firm level and illustrates its usefulness in the context of an Indian licensee.

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Working Papers | 1996

Management of Urban Energy and Air Quality: Case of Ahmedabad City

P. R. Shukla, Goswamy Prity, and Prem Pangotra

This paper explores the synergistic relationship between energy and environment in an urban system through a case study of the city of Ahmedabad, India. The analytical framework is based on estimation of sectoral fuel consumption patterns, emissions inventory of major pollutants, and projections of future patterns of fuel consumption and emissions. The current and future patterns are then reassessed with the introduction of certain technical and policy interventions, which are both feasible and probable in the time horizon of five to ten years. These options are evaluated in terms of potential energy savings, reduction of fuel costs and potential emission reductions.

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Working Papers | 1996

Managing Batch Processors to Reduce Lead Time in a Semiconductor Packaging Line

Pankaj Chandra and Gupta Sudheer

In this paper we study a semiconductor packaging line at IBM Bromont. At the line, modules are assembled and then tested in a Burn-in oven. The Burn-in oven is a batch processing station. We outline a procedure to determine order release scheduled and lot sizes for the various work stations in the line, such that total manufacturing lead time is minimized. The internal parameters of the procedure are set by simulation experiments and by heuristics. Sensitivity analysis is carried out to determine the robustness of the procedure with respect to various external parameter settings.

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Working Papers | 1996

Order Release and Product Mix Coordination in a Complex PCB manufacturing Line with Batch Processors

Bhatnagar Rohit, Pankaj Chandra, Loulou Richard, and Qui Jim

In this paper, we study the role of order releases and product mix coordination in a complex manufacturing line with batch processors. We develop a planning methodology for synchronizing production in such manufacturing lines and discuss the decision making process in the context of a PCB production environment at Northern Telecom's Fiberworld Division. The planning methodology includes developing mathematical programming models for determining a configuration of batch processors, order releases to the shop floor, and daily loading decisions at the batch processors. The optimization models are linked to a simulation model of the shop which provides key statistics like lead time, work-in-process, utilization rates, etc. The objective is to reduce lead time for manufacturing different products in this environment while meeting the demand. We analyze the performance of such a line, study the efficacy of various types of shop floor synchronization policies, and establish the role of batch processors in managing such complex lines effectively. We exhibit how batch processors (which are bottleneck operations) could be scheduled effectively so as to incorporate the logical constraints that govern their operation and react to variables in the manufacturing line.

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Working Papers | 1996

Tobacco Industry in India: Constraints for Development

Gurdev Singh, Asokan S R, and Chokshi S N

India is the third largest producer of tobacco in the world after China and USA. Though it occupies a mere 0.25 per cent of the cropped area in the country, it contributed Rs. 507 crores to the foreign exchange earnings and Rs. 3200 crores to the exchequer by way of central excise during 1992-93. Further, it provides employment to millions of people both directly and indirectly. Despite playing such a vital role in the economy the industry faces many constraints for its development. Increasing productivity, improving the quality, better marketing practices of non Virginia tobacco and a more rational excise policy on cigarettes would help the growth of the industry as well as meet the challenges of the future.

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Working Papers | 1996

Profile and Impacts of Tractorization

Patel N T and Gandhi Madalsa

Out of 19 licensed tractor manufacturing companies were producing tractors in 1990-91. The import of tractors has declined with fluctuation from 2997 in 1961-62 to 10 in 1986-87 at the rate of -23.20 per cent per annum. The total production of tractors has increased at 8.29 per cent per annum. But the production capacity of the industry remained constant. Cosequently, capacity utilization has increased from 33.34 per cent in 1982-83 to 92.34 per cent in 1992-93. The total sale of tractors has increased at the rate of 8.98 per cent per annum. Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd. Represented highest share of sales of tractors. In 1990-91 highest number of tractors were sold in state of Haryana and Punjab. The positive rate of growth of tractors, gross cropped area, total labour days employed in agriculture and multiple regression analysis have undoubtly proved that farm tractorization is land and labour augmenting technical change. Since 1987-88, country became self sufficient in production of tractors. From 1987-88 to 1993-94, the export of tractors has increased by 28.13 per cent per annum. The international market for our tractors has widened by 3.71 times and the direction of exports has also changed drastically.

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