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3721 items in total found

Working Papers | 1990

Diffusion of Improved Chula Technology: Strategies and Policies

Moulik T K and Mehta Swati

The National Project on Improved Chulhas has been taken up by the Department of Non-Conventional Energy Sources with a view to reducing deforestation and meeting the cooking energy crisis particularly in the rural areas. The Project is designed as a programme for women for mitigating their drudgery and health hazards and also saving precious fuel in the bargain. The project also provides local employment opportunities for the persons who will be involved in the construction and maintenance of the chulha. India is know for unity in diversity. The diversity exists in every walk of life, right from cultural habits to languages. 'Food habits' are no exception. We find differences in tastes, foods, cooking habits etc. In this context, it is necessary to have different chulhas according to different needs. Various design of chulhas have been approved by the DNES having thermal efficiency above 20%. Under the project, which has a multi-model and multi-agency approach, several models of improved chulhas, both fixed and portable type, which have been approved by the DNES, are being demonstrated and installed all over the country through the Nodal agencies/Departments identified by the State Governments. The improved chulha programme has established itself as a symbol of scientific and technological development reaching even the poorest household in the country.

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Working Papers | 1990

Cooperatives and Rationalisation of Indian Agriculture

Gupta V K and Gajanana T M

Indian economy is still predominantly agrarian and over 70 per cent of the workforce is still engaged in agriculture. Small and marginal farmers predominate the agricultural scenario in India. However, relative neglect of agriculture in the recent past has resulted in its dwindling share in net national product (NDP). This decline has been the result of declining productivity of agricultural inputs. Investment in agriculture (as is evident from gross capital fomation (GCF) in agriculture) has also declined considerable during the 80s. Added to this is the adverse terms of trade and the growing unemployment in agriculture. Further, share of agriculture in total export earnings has also been going down. However, production and productivity requirements are going to be of a high order by 2000 A.D. In such a deterirating situation, rationalization of Indian agriculture becomes very important. An attempt is made in this paper to examine as to how cooperatives can arrest this trend and bring prosperity to farmers besides accelerating the pace of economic development.

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Working Papers | 1990

Trade Union Praxis -6 Role of Trade Unions in Society

Joseph Jerome

This paper re-examines the role of trade unions in society utilizing the framework of the praxis of alienation. The concepts of "fundamental" alienation and "peripheral" alienation help in clarifying the praxis of trade unionism.

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Working Papers | 1990

Trade Union Praxis -5 Praxis of Disalienation Worker Organizational Processes

Joseph Jerome

The argument that the alienation of the worker impels him to participate in trade unions calls for an analysis of the modalities of trade unionism given the socio-economic formation and the concomitant work organizations in a given context. This paper makes an attempt to assess whether trade unions are part of the praxis of alienation or the praxis of disalienation of the working classes.

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Working Papers | 1990

Trade Union Praxis -4 Modalities of the Alienation of the Working Class

Joseph Jerome

The praxis of work organizations is linked inextricably with the politicoeconomic context of the larger society in which the organization is located. The organizational structures and processes given the relations of production constitute the alienation of activity whether it is a capitalist, socialist or a mixed economy. It is within the above framework that this paper tries to examine the implication of the alienation of activity for the alienation of labour. The paper will also examine whether the modalities of alienation vary depending upon the profile of the socio-economic formation within which alienation is experienced.

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Working Papers | 1990

Trade Union Praxis -3 Macropraxis of Alienation - Work Organizational Structures and Processes

Joseph Jerome

Man-in-the world becomes man-at-the-world through acting on the world. It is this "action-reflection" on the world we can call "work" or "labour". Work being the central reference point of human history, the structure and modalities of work organization in the context of a particular mode of production constitutes the micropraxis of alienation. This paper examines the modalities of work organizational structures and processes in feudal, capitalist and socialist modes of production.

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Working Papers | 1990

Trade Union Praxis -2 Macropraxis of Alienation - Politicolegal Framework of Industrial Relations

Joseph Jerome

A deeper understanding of the context of the macropraxis of alienation would be facilitated if there is an awareness of the modalities of the politicolegal framework of industrial relations in the Indian socio-economic formation. This paper, therefore, examines key procedural legislative enactments related to employer and employee rights in the context of industrial relations.

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Working Papers | 1990

Management Issues of Biogas Programme: A Case of Bihar (1984-86)

Moulik T K, P. R. Shukla, and Mehta Swati

In these days of depleting sources of conventional energy the development of non conventional energy and renewable sources of energy has gained momentum. India, has about 75% of it's population in rural areas. Biogas being a clean, efficient, renewable energy source holds considerable potential for rural households. The launching of National Project on Biogas Development in 1981 has provided an added impetus to the promotion of biogas technology. About 1.9 lakh biogas plants have been installed in 1985-86 alone which has exceeded the target set for that particular year. But, alongwith this increase in installation certain issues have also cropped up. The present study has monitored the performance of the biogas programme in relation to technology, administration, operation and various other infrastructural facilities. Out of the biogas plants installed how many are actually functioning? What are the problems faced by the users and how can they be solved? Solutions to these problems are necessary for smooth functioning of biogas programme. Besides, there are certain organizational issues also, like an effective monitoring system, planning the programme etc which have to be followed. The implementing officials should be committed towards the programme and people's participation also plays a major role in the efficient running of the programme. There should be an effective Management Information System and a mason training programme for immediate solution of post installation and maintenance and repairs of biogas plants.

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Working Papers | 1990

Job Involvement, Sense of Participation and Job Satisfaction: A Study in Banking Industry

Singh Mira and Pestonjee D M

The purpose of the study was to explore the possible effect of job involvement and sense of participation on job satisfaction of two categories of bank employees. The sample consisted of 250 officers and 250 clerical cadre belonging to a nationalised bank in western zone. Job involvement was measured by Lodahl & Kenjner's Scale of Job Involvement, Participation by Singh and Pestonjee's 'Psychological Participation Index' and Job Satisfaction by Pestonjee's "Satisfaction Dissatisfaction Inventory'. A 2 x 2 x 2 factorial design was used to analyse the data. Job satisfaction of bank employees was found to be affected positively by occupational level, job involvement and participation. The interactional effect of job involvement and participation was found to be significant.

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Working Papers | 1990

European Economic Community: Reactions Abroad and in India: Review of Literature Part II: Reactions in India: Some Questions

Gaikwad V R

Earlier working papers on EEC (W.P. 841 and 854) tell us that the Common Market is a strategy towards ultimate political objective of a United States of Europe. The driving force behind the “Unity of Europe and people of European origin” is genetic-ethnic-racial. Europe's march towards supra-nationalism leads to supra-Euracialism. Recent events in Eastern Europe and Russia are not spontaneous but result of long-term strategy for uniting people of European origin. As Common Market was Monnet's (Father of EEC) strategy towards unification of Europe, so also Gorbachov's perestroika and glasnost are strategies to provide 'freedom' to East-European communities and European Russia to ultimately become members of a United States of Europe. EEC-1992 is a landmark, a symbol of consolidation of European Community's power. It can also be a prelude to a War of Races. Schizophrenia and intense attention paid to economic and commercial interests in the current literature on EEC has hidden the deadly politico-racial objectives of EEC. Are the non-Europeans aware of all these processes? Do they have any strategy to face EEC? Whether by cooperating with EEC, with an eye to short-term gains, will they end up further strengthening Europe's drive towards its politico-racial objectives? These two papers sought answers to such questions and related issues. What has been the Indian reaction to EEC all these years? In this paper we present twelve sets of questions which provide a broad framework for reviewing the works of Indian scholars, diplomats and columnists on EEC. These cover questions pertaining to: § Emergence of Neo-Nazism and racial fundamentalism in Europe; § European Supra-nationalism and its impact on communities of European origin; § Impact of EEC on NAM; § Communication (propaganda) strategy of EEC; Reliability of data provided by EEC and its impact on demand and supply projections and trade. § Nature of European society in future; § Alternatives to the traditionally followed policies of 'economic interdependence', and 'cooperation with EEC', such as Gandhian non-cooperation strategy i.e., 'neither trade, nor aid' strategy and its implications; § Environmental concerns, and their implications to the third world countries; § Collaboration among non-European Communities in the field of trade, science and technology, and especially in development of modern weapon systems and defence strategies; § People of mixed races and natives in Latin America and their reactions to EEC; § Racial discrimination in Europe and the New World Countries; discriminatory immigration laws limited movement of non-European people. § Racial heritage and its influence on India's reaction to EEC; § Basic issues such as: free movement of materials/goods/products, or free movement of people and culture? Primary objective: International Economic Order or International Social Order for Survival (SOS) of humanity?

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