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3725 items in total found

Working Papers | 1990

Forestry Development Projects in India: Finance and Bankability

Gupta Tirath

The main objectives of this study were (i) to assess the procedures and problems of institutional finance for forestry development projects, (ii) to discuss the steps to enhance bankability of forestry development projects, and (iii) to present some thoughts for future policies and practices for forest land development. A number of measures can be taken to enhance the social relevance and financial feasibility of projects aimed at improved management of forest wasteland with or without clearfelling/raising manmade plantations. A few of such measures are discussed in this section. 1. All possible attempts should be made to enhance the outputs of a variety of goods including, but not confined to, timber and fuelwood. 2. Necessary steps to save on the projects costs should be taken. 3. The intangible benefits "stemming from" and "induced by" a project must be carefully identified and evaluated.

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Working Papers | 1990

Review of Post-Graduate Research in Agriculture (1973-1984): Are We Building Appropriate Skills for Tomorrow

Gupta Ramesh, Simmons George B, and Shah Rekha N

Post Graduate Research (PGR) has been an important source of generating technological breakthrough in social as well as natural sciences. The skills for solving problem of 21st century have to be created now. We have reviewed all the abstracts of PGR reported to Haryana Agricultural University Journal of Abstracts of the period 1973-1984 (n = 1817). Five disciplines viz., Genetics and Plant Breeding (n = 242), Economics, Sociology and Extension (1229), and Agronomy (376) were selected for analyzing these abstracts from the point of view of area, method, purpose, commodity/crop etc. of the study, Despite various limitations of the data, several vital research gaps emerge. We have specifically focussed on the importance attached to the problem of rainfed/dry farming regions. Suggestions have been made for (a) making research on risky problems more attractive for students by modifying degree granting system and providing attractive fellowships, (b) periodically reviewing PGR so that corrective measures can be taken, (c) encourage research on research process itself, and linkage between on-station and on-farm research. Some other problems which need urgent attention are: crop-livestock interactions, institution building for common property resources as well as private resources under watershed development; problems of pastoralists rearing small and large ruminants, effects of stress fodder on post-drought performance of livestock; hand tools, conjunctive use of organic and inorganic fertilizer, breeding for low input environment as well as for grain and fodder quality and quantity; screening under inter or mixed crop environments for crops that are predominantly sown under such conditions; longitudinal research on ecological systems including watershed, household adjustment with risks in different agro-climatic zones etc.

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Working Papers | 1990

Growth of New Stoves - A Model

Girja Sharan

Promotion of new wood stoves has been made into a nation-wide time-bound program. At present, setting of targets in each area proceeds somewhat arbitrarily. Generally, no account is taken of the mechanics of absorption. This paper deals with this problem. A mathematical model of the process is formulated. Under reasonable assumptions, it leads to a linear, time-invariant, discrete system. Possible growth patterns that emerge are illustrated. The model is easily built and easily solved. It can be helpful to those who plan, implement and monitor the program.

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Working Papers | 1990

European Economic Community: Underlying Motives and Their Implications

Gaikwad V R

This is the Introductory chapter to Author's forthcoming book entitle, “ European Economic Community and Non-European Communities”. What is happening in Europe is gigantic with far-reaching implications for Indian and other developing countries. The paper analyses in depth the ideas of Jean Monnet, the Father of European Economic Community, and the basic motives underlying formation of EEC and their implications. Common Market is only a strategy to achieve the primary politico-economic objective namely, a United States of Europe. The process by which Common Market might become a supra-national state is shrewdly set up in such a way that process is gradual and imperceptible. The recent developments in East Europe and Russia are not spontaneous but part of the long-term strategy for uniting Europe and people of “European Origin”, and for “Unity of West”. Europe's march from Nationalism to Supra-nationalism may lead to Euro-racialism, creating a threat of War of Races in near future. India and other developing countries which are mostly non-European countries have to keep in mind these implications of EEC.

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Working Papers | 1990

Threat Bargaining Problems with Incomplete Information and Correlated Beliefs

Lahiri Somdeb

In this paper we provide a general framework for studying threat bargaining games with incomplete information and correlated beliefs. In this framework we obtain a characterization of the Kalai-Smorodinsky solution without any monotonicity assumption. The approach adds a dose of realism to the already existing literature on threat bargaining games.

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Working Papers | 1990

Transferring Science for Development and Diffusion of Technology: Agenda for Recasting Extension Science Research for Drylands/Rainfed Regions

Gupta Ramesh

We argue that both, the system of technology generation as also transfer in dry regions/rainfed high risk environments have to be differently designed than the systems suitable for irrigated regions. In Part-I, we discuss the characteristics of dry region and implications for participative organizational design. Various dimensions discussed include: ecological diversity; low population density and poor demand system; lack of timeliness in operations; inability of markets to act as monitors of farmers' needs; rainfed economy is not just crop centered; survival through commons; need for research on group based technologies as against individual based technologies etc. Part-II includes the concept of horizontal diffusion and a brief review of literature on the subject. Part-III provides socio-ecological implications for institutional restricting such as, (a) need for on-farm research, (b) concept of ecological mapping, (c) method of manual discriminant analysis, (d) building upon local knowledge, (e) ethics of knowledge transfer, (f) agro-industrial watershed, (g) sustainable institutional design through linkage between communication and power etc. Need for incorporating concerns of women and poor multi-enterprise rural households is highlighted. It is suggested that instead of technology transfer, emphasis in future will have to be on science transfer. This will help people develop technologies by linking formal and informal knowledge system.

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Working Papers | 1989

Consultant and his Role in Organizations

Parikh Indira J and Selvan Tamil S

Whenever there is a collectivity of people with structures, tasks and interphases between people and systems there are some individuals who by choice or by the need of the hour or situation become consultants, advisors, experts and problem-solution givers. This paper examines how consultants emerge, are seen, what roles they undertake in organizations, what factors influence the consultant's roles and what are the new definitions and dimensions of a consultant's role. It identifies the context in which an organization and the consultant interphase. It states the different phases of evolution of organization growth and how the role of a consultant changes. These dimensions are discussed based on experiences of many consultants and existing literature. Most of the role descriptions are borrowed from existing literature and from experiences and discussions with consultants and industrialists. In the Indian context due to constant flux and transition, consultants have to review and define an appropriate role for themselves to contribute to the design and development of institutions and formal work organizations.

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Working Papers | 1989

Threat Bargaining Problems with Incomplete Information and Nash Solution

Lahiri Somdeb

In this paper we extend the framework of threat bargaining games to include those with incomplete information. In this set up we address ourselves to two significant problems: (1) Under what conditions would 'truthful' revelation of the disagreement payoffs by a Nash equilibrium of the threat bargaining game? (2) Obtaining a characterization of the Nash bargaining solution without the Independence of Irrelevant Alternatives Assumption. Our framework of analysis is general enough to include within its purview the study of non-cooperative bargaining problems with incomplete information, played by Bayesian players, although the specific problem addressed to in this paper does not fall in that category.

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Working Papers | 1989

Large Lift Plants - Performance

Girja Sharan and Kayastha Sandeep

Large lift irrigation plants (LIPs) are a recent development in parts of Gujarat. These are commonly sited on old tanks, some on intermittent streams and canals. Water is lifted to a high point of command through a riser and then led by gravity through pipes to various distribution chambers. A need had arisen to examine their performance. Accordingly, a continuos, deterministic mathematical model of a typical LIP has been made. The system is viewed as a negative feedback, automatic (on/off) control. Curve number method is used to compute runoff and moisture balance method, for effective rainfall. Simulations using actual (historical) daily rainfall were carried out to determine irrigation needed and possible. Long term value of latter is taken as a more realistic index of system capability than that originally projected. Actual performance is compared with it. Possible additional uses of simulation in design and operations are highlighted.

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Working Papers | 1989

A Periodic Review Inventory Model for Stochastic Demand with Two Storage Facilities

Shah Nitin and Shah Y K

In this paper a periodic review probabilistic inventory model for a single item with two storage facilities is developed; one warehouse is owned by the system under consideration (which is referred to as OW) and the other is a rented warehouse (RW). The capacity of OW is W units. Any quantity larger than W is to be kept in RW and are gradually withdraw in batches of K units. The model determines optimum values of lot-size q and k. An example is given to illustrate the results obtained.

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