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Working Papers | 1990

European Economic Community: Reactions Abroad and India: Review of Literature

Gaikwad V R

Author's earlier paper, 'European Economic Community: Underlying Motives and Their Implications' (Working Paper No.841, January 1990) analysed four basic motives underlying formation of EEC. Analysis indicated that for Monnet (Father of EEC), the Common Market was a strategy to unify Europe. Similarly, Gorbachov's perestroika and glasnost are strategies to provide 'freedom' to East European communities and European Russia to ultimately become members of a United States of Europe. The analysis further indicated that the driving force behind the 'Unity of Europe and of people of European origin was genetic-ethnic-racial. It also indicated that Europe's march from nationalism to supra-nationalism would lead to supra-Euracialism. This from historical perspective means leading to War of Races. In this sense the analysis validates the early warning of influential American columnist James Reston in 1961: “The great conflict at the end of the century will not be ideological but racial”. EEC-1992 is of great symbolic significance for non-European communities. It is exactly 500 years after Columbus reached North America in 1492, the beginning of ruthless exploitation of non-European communities for five centuries. EEC-1992 is a landmark, a symbol of consolidation of European community's power. It can also be a prelude to War of Races. The analysis raised a number of questions and issues. For example, what is really happening in EEC? Whether the 1992 schizophrenia and intense attention given to economic and commercial interests have hidden the deadly politico-racial objectives of EEC? In this paper, we seek answers to many such questions and related issued from the writings of western scholars, diplomats and columnists. This also provides a backdrop for analysis of reactions to EEC in India presented in the author's third working paper in the series to be brought out in March 1990.

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Working Papers | 1990

The Revelation Principle for Arbitration Games

Lahiri Somdeb

In this paper we prove the validity of the revelation principle for arbitration games and also establish that a large class of game forms can be represented as a Bayesian Statistician. This adds force and appeal to the concept of an arbitration game.

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Working Papers | 1990

An EOQ Model Under Price Change Anticipation for A System with Insufficient Storage Capacity

Shah Nitin and Shah Y K

When a price change is announced in an inventory system, a one time decision has to be made to purchase a large quantity Q' before the price change becomes effective, to take advantage of current lower price. In this note, we consider a system having a limited storage capacity W<< Q', so that additional units are required to be stored in rented warehouse. Optimum value of Q' and corresponding gain are determined. The model is illustrated with an example.

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Working Papers | 1990

MOU: More Memorandum than Understanding

Murthy K R S

The Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) between the Government of India and public enterprises is the latest technique adopted to improve management of these enterprises. Will the MOU's improve the situation? Based on the experience so far, as also international experience with MOUs and management of large diversified corporations, this paper discusses why MOUs may not achieve the results expected and indicates the direction in which solutions should be sought.

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Working Papers | 1990

Leadership and Human Resource Management Styles of Senior and Top Level Managers

T. V. Rao, Selvan Tamil S, and Kumar G Arun

This paper reports in detail a Leadership Styles Questionnaire (LSQ) developed to measure the Benevolent, Critical and Developmental styles of manages. This questionnaire has two forms; one for self-assessment and the second for assessment by others (subordinates, boss and colleagues). This questionnaire is being used as a training instrument to help managers review and reflect about their own people management and leadership styles and beliefs underlying these. The instrument was used first on 74 senior managers to assess their own styles and the styles of their seniors. Subsequently it was used on 67 senior managers who were also assessed by their subordinates (n = 540). It was also administered on 96 top level managers who were assessed also by their subordinates (n = 871). In all the cases it was used as a training instrument. This paper presents the data available from all these groups and offers suggestions for using LSQ as a development tool in training programmes, counselling, appraisal and OD. The data indicate that the leadership styles of senior executives as well as top level managers is predominantly "Developmental". The data also suggest that Indian managers seem to be sensitive to the perceptions of their subordinates as there was a good degree of congruence between their perceptions and those of their subordinates. In cases where the managers were perceived as "critical" by their subordinates, the managers were found to be less sensitive to such perceptions. These were however, only a few in number. Detailed data are presented in this paper for use by those interested in using the LSQ.

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Working Papers | 1990

A Study of the Training Needs of IAS Officers (10-16 Years Group)

Joseph Jerome

The study has made an attempt to gain an insight into the training needs of IAS Officers in the 10-16 years category from their own point of view. Data for the study was generated from programme feedback reports, exploratory interviews and through Training Needs Case Studies of officers in the category.

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Working Papers | 1990

Computer Graphics, Peripheral Vision & Non Euclidian Geometry

Jayanth R. Varma

Computer graphics in Decision Support Systems is often confronted with the task of providing the decision maker with a visual picture of some object which is too large to fit on a computer screen unless the image is scaled down so drastically that much of the detail is lost. The viewer is then asked to work with a partial view of the object, and use a keyboard or a mouse to (a) scroll this image horizontally or vertically, or (b) zoom in or out, or (c) rotate the object. These techniques are strikingly similar to those that the human visual system uses to deal with a similar problem. One crucial difference is that of peripheral vision-the human eye while concentrating on a small part of the field of vision still retains a hazy view of the peripheral region preventing it from losing sight of the total picture. This paper argues that the lack of a similar peripheral vision is perhaps the single gravest deficiency in computer graphics today. It then goes on to develop a mapping technique which simulates this peripheral vision, and thereby makes computer graphics truly powerful and versatile. The paper analyses the distortions induced by such a mapping, and argues at length why these do not pose serious problems. The suggested mapping is closely related to non Euclidian geometry; this ties in with the fact known to psychologists for over fifty years that the perceptual geometry of human visions strongly non Euclidian. Thus, if one were to adapt the Turing test for artificial intelligence to computer vision, then non Euclidian geometry can be expected to play a key role in any attempt to satisfy that the test. Building on these ideas, the paper demonstrates that computer graphics has a great deal to lean from non Euclidian geometry, and that in turn computer graphics can contribute significantly to the intelligent application of non Euclidian geometryies to real life problems. What is needed is the willingness to set aside the shackles and shibboleths of Euclidian geometry.

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Working Papers | 1990

Threat Bargaining Problems with Incomplete Information and Correlated Beliefs

Lahiri Somdeb

In this paper we provide a general framework for studying threat bargaining games with incomplete information and correlated beliefs. In this framework we obtain a characterization of the Kalai-Smorodinsky solution without any monotonicity assumption. The approach adds a dose of realism to the already existing literature on threat bargaining games.

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Working Papers | 1990

European Economic Community: Underlying Motives and Their Implications

Gaikwad V R

This is the Introductory chapter to Author's forthcoming book entitle, “ European Economic Community and Non-European Communities”. What is happening in Europe is gigantic with far-reaching implications for Indian and other developing countries. The paper analyses in depth the ideas of Jean Monnet, the Father of European Economic Community, and the basic motives underlying formation of EEC and their implications. Common Market is only a strategy to achieve the primary politico-economic objective namely, a United States of Europe. The process by which Common Market might become a supra-national state is shrewdly set up in such a way that process is gradual and imperceptible. The recent developments in East Europe and Russia are not spontaneous but part of the long-term strategy for uniting Europe and people of “European Origin”, and for “Unity of West”. Europe's march from Nationalism to Supra-nationalism may lead to Euro-racialism, creating a threat of War of Races in near future. India and other developing countries which are mostly non-European countries have to keep in mind these implications of EEC.

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Working Papers | 1990

Growth of New Stoves - A Model

Girja Sharan

Promotion of new wood stoves has been made into a nation-wide time-bound program. At present, setting of targets in each area proceeds somewhat arbitrarily. Generally, no account is taken of the mechanics of absorption. This paper deals with this problem. A mathematical model of the process is formulated. Under reasonable assumptions, it leads to a linear, time-invariant, discrete system. Possible growth patterns that emerge are illustrated. The model is easily built and easily solved. It can be helpful to those who plan, implement and monitor the program.

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