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3818 items in total found

Working Papers | 1982

Seasonality, Stratification and Staying on Process in Semi-Arid Regions

Anil K. Gupta

The differences in homeostatic ability of various sections of the society influencing their risk adjustment capacity in drought prone regions seem to explain why more people stay on than why few people migrate out. In this paper, a framework for analysis of the problem of rural population retention in dry, semi-arid regions is presented from the point of view of seasonality and stratification. It is suggested that the land transfer process leading to immeserization in some places is considerably influenced by the ecological context which determines the extent to which seasonal stresses constrain various decision making options for investment, employment or migration. Tentative evidence from Haryana and Maharashtra has been presented to hypothesize a conceptual framework for analyzing staying on process in such regions. The drought prone regions deserve a serious attention from policy planners particularly with reference to the development of non-farm enterprises like livestock and craft activities so that the problem of migration can be effectively tackled. The role of public works, formal financial intermediation and other intervention in influencing stratification and staying on process is also discussed.

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Working Papers | 1982

Sugarbeet Cultivation in India

Gurdev Singh and Guleria Amar

This Working Paper is a part of the project on 'Economic and Management Aspects of Sugar Production from Sugar beet' sponsored by the Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India, to the Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad. The scope of this paper is restricted to cultivation of sugar beet. After giving a brief account of achievements in sugar beet cultivation in Sri Ganganagar, we have presented a depth study of 49 cultivators (growers, dropouts and non-adopters). The various aspects covered include awareness, adoption and diffusion of sugar beet cultivation among the sample farmers, actual and recommended cultivation practices, and cultivators' experience in beet cultivation, comparative profitability of beet and other crops, and implications for its spread in North India. The study highlighted various issues related to the adoption and spread of beet cultivation and identified certain constraints. The comparative economics of bet has established its superiority over other important crops of the area. Its, adoption in other areas, however, would depend on the nature of incentives and infrastructural arrangements for easy and quick disposal.

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Working Papers | 1982

External Aid and Development Strategy in Rajasthan

Khanna Inderjit

Over the past decade it has been observed that state governments are being drawn towards externally aided projects. The lure seems to be of additional funds to supplement state financial resources. This study looks at the impact of 11 such externally aided projects in Rajasthan. On the point of additional financial resources it is found that the state had little to gain from such projects since during the period 1974-81, the state spent Rs. 153.62 crores on such projects whereas it received only Rs. 22 crores as additional assistance. A portion of the aid is retained by the central government and the terms on which it is passed on to the state government are more severe as compared to the terms on which aid is received by the central government. Therefore, the debt burden of the state is considerable. The pre-emption of funds for aided projects has also resulted in drastic cuts in outlays of other sectors thus slowing down activities therein. It has also increased regional disparities by increasing the gap between districts where such projects existed and those which have not been amongst the fortunate few. In sum, externally aided projects have brought little financial benefit to the state. In fact, by reducing the pace of development in non-aided sectors and by increasing, instead of reducing, regional disparities they are creating more problems for the future.

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Working Papers | 1982

Learning from Antyodaya: Some Lessons for IRDP

Khanna Inderjit

The Antyodaya programme was launched by the Rajasthan government to improve the socio economic well being of the 'last man' in 1977. Benefits were to be first extended to the poorest families in all of the villages in the state. In two years, nearly two lakh families were assisted by the programme after two rounds of implementation. Pension, land self employment and wage employment were the benefits offered. There were several positive changes in the implementation of the programme in terms of proper identification of beneficiaries and ensuring the availability of credit. On the basis of observations in other studies and in the authors' own case study, it is suggested that the Antyodaya programme's objective changed implicitly from one of raising the income level of the beneficiaries to that of distributing benefits. This is perhaps due to the overload of the programme in terms of the activities and functions. Before initiating a programme, it is, therefore, essential that careful consideration be given to the strengths and limitations of the implementing organisation. Thus, in designing anti poverty programmes such as Antyodaya and IRDP, means of providing a range of services-from distribution of benefits to 'after care' advice and support-will have to be assessed and measures taken to overcome the limitations. Otherwise, the programme may pursue short term targets and lose sight of the main objective.

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Working Papers | 1982

Agricultural Mechanization in Gujarat

Girja Sharan

The growth of agricultural implements used in Gujarat was examined on the basis of Livestock Census data of 1951, 56, 61, 66, 72. The total power now available on Gujarat farms comes to 0.6 hp/hect; if pumping sets are excluded, it is 0.34 hp/hect. This is lower than Punjab, and a little higher than the national average. The mechanization in Gujarat seems to be of this type which has taken over more of bullock functions than of human labor. This may change however in future; some gaps in implements data, design and development were identified.

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Working Papers | 1982

Performance in Relation to Anxiety and Job Involvement

Pestonjee D M and Singh Y K

In this investigation an attempt has been made to study the effect of anxiety and job involvement on performance of workers. Two psychometric tools were administered to 600 rank-and-file workers of textile unit to assess their levels of job involvement and anxiety. The index of their performance was the actual prediction records. Statistical analysis of the data indicate that both anxiety (F = 86.92; d f = 1,596' p<.01) and job involvement (F = 73.43; d f = 1,596; p<.01) have significantly affected performance. There interaction were also found to be significant (F = 41.19; d f = 1,596; p<.01). Findings indicate that for higher performance high job involvement and low levels of anxiety were necessary. Anxiety was found to be detrimental to performance even in the case of high levels of involvement.

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Working Papers | 1982

Experiment on Individual Investment Decision Making Process

Samir K. Barua and Srinivasan G

This working paper reports an investigation into the decision making process of individual faced with a set of risky investment opportunities. An experiment was conducted on a set of students and the data generated from the experiment was analyzed. The analysis was done to infer about the criteria of choice used by the participants and the form of utility function that explains the observed behaviour. It was found that the pattern of choice was well explained by adjusted logarithmic function. It was also found that the risk perception of individuals was determined jointly by the variance and the skew ness of the return distribution.

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Working Papers | 1982

On the Computation of Hodges-Lehmann Efficiency of Test Statistics

Raghavacahari M

An approach to the computation of Bahadur Efficiency was proposed by Bahadur and Raghavachari in their paper in Proceedings of Sixth Berkeley Symposium. The objective of the paper is to exhibit this approach to the Computation of Hodges-Lehmann efficiency for a few examples. Many of the examples are new and these indicate the power of the method which does not entail the Computation of the tail probabilities for the distribution of the test statistic under a specific alternative. Examples include tests relating to normal, poisson, correlation, coefficient, multiple correlation, coefficient and rank tests for one sided distributions.

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Working Papers | 1982

Spurs and Props of Agricultural Research - Economic and Social under Plumings - A Case Study of Rice Research in India

Desai D K

The paper deals with the problem of agricultural research management, particularly with reference to rice research in India. The growth of rice production has lagged behind wheat production mainly because the rice research has not been as effective as wheat research. One of the reasons for this phenomenon is that the rice research has to be much more location specific than wheat research. As rice is produced in a variety of agro-climatic conditions, much more adaptive research is required. The socio-economic factors seem to govern rice production to a greater extent than wheat production. The classification of districts in India according to the levels of rice production revealed that about 25% of the total number of rice-growing districts (338) had 64% of the total area under rice and 67% of the total rice production in the country. These districts were designated as A-districts. The yield per hectare of rice in A-districts was higher than other districts. The classification of districts according to productivity showed that there were 10 districts having yield per hectare more than 2.5 tonnes of rice. Out of these 10 districts only one district belongs to traditional rice-growing states whereas other 9 districrts belong to n n-traditional rice growing states. This shows that there are special problems which hamper the productivity in the traditional rice growing states. The study has located high-growth-rate high-productivity and low-productivity low-growth-rate A-district in traditional rice-growing states. It is proposed that a study should be undertaken to find out the factors which have contributed to the differences in productivities of these two groups. Having identified these factors it should be possible to improve the rice research and other developmental programmes for increasing productivity of rice. The case study of rice would also help identify policy problems for agricultural research management and agricultural development management.

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Working Papers | 1982

Introduction of Community Biogas Plant in a Gujarat Village: A Case Study of Technological and Organisational Interventions

Moulik T K

One of the Govt. programme to tackle energy problem in rural areas, particularly for the poorer sections is the establishment of Community Biogas Plant. The present case study deals with techno-economic and managerial problems in implementing the community Biogas plants in rural areas. It brings crucial issues relating financial-economic viability of the project, administrative, managerial problems and overall policy parameters.

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