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3853 items in total found

Journal Articles | 2022

COVID mortality in India: National survey data and health facility deaths

Prabhat Jha, Yashwant Deshmukh, Chinmay Tumbe, Wilson Suraweera, Aditi Bhowmick, Sankalp Sharma, Paul Novosad, Sze Hang Fu, Leslie Newcombe, Hellen Gelband, and Patrick Brown

Science

India’s national COVID death totals remain undetermined. Using an independent nationally representative survey of 0.14 million (M) adults, we compared COVID mortality during the 2020 and 2021 viral waves to expected all-cause mortality. COVID constituted 29% (95% confidence interval, 28 to 31%) of deaths from June 2020 to July 2021, corresponding to 3.2 M (3.1 to 3.4) deaths, of which 2.7 M (2.6 to 2.9) occurred in April to July 2021 (when COVID doubled all-cause mortality). A subsurvey of 57,000 adults showed similar temporal increases in mortality, with COVID and non-COVID deaths peaking similarly. Two government data sources found that, when compared to prepandemic periods, all-cause mortality was 27% (23 to 32%) higher in 0.2 M health facilities and 26% (21 to 31%) higher in civil registration deaths in 10 states; both increases occurred mostly in 2021. The analyses find that India’s cumulative COVID deaths by September 2021 were six to seven times higher than reported officially.

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Journal Articles | 2022

A cultural impostor? Native American experiences of impostor phenomenon in STEM

Devasmita Chakraverty

CBE- Life Sciences Education

Using a framework of colonization in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM), this U.S.-based study examined how seven Native American PhD students/postdoctoral scholars experienced impostor phenomenon. Participants were identified/contacted at a national conference on minorities in STEM through purposeful sampling. Surveys computed impostor phenomenon scores on a validated scale, while interviews documented how identity and culture contributed to impostor phenomenon in academia. Using a phenomenological approach, interviews were analyzed inductively using a constant comparative method. Surveys scores indicated high to intense impostor phenomenon. Interviews with the same participants further identified the following aspects of impostor phenomenon in relation to their minoritized identity: cultural differences and lack of understanding of Indigenous culture, lack of critical mass and fear of standing out, academic environment, family background and upbringing, and looks and diversity status. Developing a diverse and culturally competent STEM workforce requires a deeper understanding of what deters Native American individuals from pursuing a STEM career. They have the lowest college enrollment and retention rates compared with any race in the United States and could be vulnerable to racial bias and discrimination. Understanding impostor phenomenon through culturally relevant experiences would be crucial to broaden participation in STEM careers.

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Journal Articles | 2022

Damned if she does, damned if she doesn’t: The interactive effects of gender and agreeableness on performance evaluation

Amit K.Nandkeolyar, Jessica Bagger, and Srinivas Ekkirala

Journal of Business Research

The role congruity theory and research on gender stereotypes suggest that communion and agency tendencies explain gender discrimination in performance evaluations. We propose that high agreeableness, a Big Five personality trait, captures the communal dimension of an individual’s concern for others. Across two studies conducted in India and the United States, we found evidence that the relationship between agreeableness and performance evaluations is nonlinear for female employees. Women are rated as high performers when they exhibit moderate levels of agreeableness. For male employees, we find a communal bonus effect in which they benefit from being agreeable in the workplace. Our findings demonstrate the stability of these findings across Indian and North American cultures. Our findings contribute to the literature on role congruity, personality theories, and job performance.

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Journal Articles | 2022

The role of food and land use systems in achieving India's sustainability targets

Chandan Kumar Jha, Vartika Singh, Miodrag Stevanović, Jan Philipp Dietrich, Aline Mosnier, Isabelle Weindl, Alexander Popp, Guido Schmidt Traub, Ranjan Kumar Ghosh, and Hermann Lotze-Campen

Environmental Research Letters

The food and land use sector is a major contributor to India's total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. On one hand, India is committed to sustainability targets in the Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) sectors, on the other, there is little clarity whether these objectives can align with national developmental priorities of food security and environmental protection. This study fills the gap by reviewing multiple corridors to sustain the AFOLU systems through an integrated assessment framework using partial equilibrium modeling. We create three pathways that combine the shared socio-economic pathways with alternative assumptions on diets and mitigation strategies. We analyze our results of the pathways on key indicators of land-use change, GHG emissions, food security, water withdrawals in agriculture, agricultural trade and production diversity. Our findings indicate that dietary shift, improved efficiency in livestock production systems, lower fertilizer use, and higher yield through sustainable intensification can reduce GHG emissions from the AFOLU sectors up to 80% by 2050. Dietary shifts could help meet EAT-Lancet recommended minimum calorie requirements alongside meeting mitigation ambitions. Further, water withdrawals in agriculture would reduce by half by 2050 in the presence of environmental flow protection and mitigation strategies. We conclude by pointing towards specific strategic policy design changes that would be essential to embark on such a sustainable pathway.

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Journal Articles | 2022

Participation dynamics in multiple-peril agricultural insurance: Insights from India

Ranjan Kumar Ghosh, Vikram Patil, and Nikita Tank

International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction

Multiple-peril agricultural insurance, although operational in many developing countries, evokes mixed responses among smallholder farmers. In this context, we analyse the farmer-specific characteristics that are most amenable for participation in India's revamped federal agricultural insurance program. A sequential logit model is applied to a primary survey-based dataset of 1332 farmers in order to examine the factors influencing various transitions across categories. Age, female as gender and previous insurance experiences turn out to positively influence participation. Engagement in non-farm occupation and higher access to irrigation reduce the likelihood of participation. In the event that the insurance product is delinked from state supported farm credit, the more educated farmers want to move out while female farmers prefer to stay. These results offer important policy insights amidst the persistent efforts to establish a self-sustaining market for agricultural insurance in developing countries.

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Journal Articles | 2022

COVID-19 pandemic and debt financing by firms: Unravelling the channels

Balagopal Gopalakrishnan, Joshy Jacob, and Sanket Mohapatra

Economic Modelling

The COVID-19-induced disruptions and the consequent government responses stretched the financial resources of firms. Recent studies document an increase in debt financing by firms during the pandemic. Using firm-level data from 61 countries, we deepen the understanding of the impact of the pandemic by examining the variation in loan and bond financing attributable to COVID-19-specific factors. Indicative of heightened precautionary needs, firms with higher pandemic exposure and those located in countries with stringent lockdowns have a higher propensity to raise debt. Furthermore, firms in industries less amenable to remote working also have a higher propensity to raise debt, but face higher financing costs compared to their peers. Reflective of opportunistic investment motives, firms that hold a relatively positive outlook have a greater likelihood of raising loan financing. The findings draw attention to the role of real-side factors and managerial motives that drive debt financing during a distress episode.

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Journal Articles | 2022

Retaining the nonprofit mission: The case of social enterprise emergence in India from a traditional nonprofit

K V Gopakumar

Entrepreneurship & Regional Development

Literature examining the emergence of social enterprises from traditional non-profits has noted a shift in organizational mission, from a predominantly social mission towards a dual focus on both social and commercial goals. Less is known about how such social enterprises, which transition from traditional non-profits, retain the original non-profit social mission. The present study, employing an institutional logics perspective, identifies how a social enterprise, emerging from a traditional non-profit in India, re-conceptualized its means in diverse ways towards a common social end, preserved its core guiding principles and processes, and maintained a broad organizational vision, to seamlessly retain and continue with the original social mission. The study concludes with implications for social enterprise and institutional logics research.

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Journal Articles | 2022

Outcomes of talent identification in economically liberalized India: Does organizational justice matter?

Elaine Farndale, Promila Agarwal, and Pawan Budhwar

Journal of Business Research

Organizations in economically liberalized India face substantial challenges regarding the engagement and turnover of talent. By exploring the outcomes of the firm-level management practice of talent identification, we uncover the effects of identifying valuable employees as high potential. Adopting an organizational justice lens, we consider the social exchange consequences of talent identification for those identified either as high potential or non-high potential, examining how perceived organizational justice moderates the relationship with employee engagement/turnover intention. Based on data from 331 employees in two large organizations in India, perceptions of distributive, procedural, and interactional justice in this highly competitive labor market are found to moderate the relationship between talent identification and work engagement, while distributive justice moderates the relationship with employee turnover intention. The study identifies novel conditions under which talent identification might avoid the negative outcomes associated with an exclusive approach to talent management, commonly adopted in Indian organizations.

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Journal Articles | 2022

Effects of social information signals on user engagement: Evidence from randomized field experiments

Swanand J. Deodhar, Ayushi Tandon, Abhas Tandon, and Abhinav Tripathi

Behaviour & Information Technology

In this study, we examine the social information signal as a driver of user engagement. Specifically, we model two distinct outcomes related to user engagement: content consumption (e.g. watching a video) and content organisation (e.g. adding a video to a playlist). Given the increasingly social nature of digital platforms, we predict user engagement actions as a function of Peer and Expert social information signals. We employ a series of field experiments on a mobile e-learning application to tease out the distinction between content consumption (CC) and content organisation (CO) based on users’ responses to information signals distinguished based on the source. Our results indicate that the Peer and Expert information signals significantly affect the focal user's CC action but have no effect on their CO actions. These findings, coupled with interesting nuances from two allied field experiments on the same app, reveal the uneven effects of social information signals on both user engagement actions. To sum up, the study presents important implications for predicting user engagement in digital platforms and the social information signaling these platforms can adopt.

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Journal Articles | 2022

Impact of operational fragility on stock returns: Lessons from COVID‐19 crisis

Avijit Bansal, Balagopal Gopalakrishnan, Joshy Jacob, and Pranjal Srivastava

International Review of Finance

We examine how the market valuation of firms varies on account of their operational fragility that makes them vulnerable to the COVID-19 pandemic. Using the data on plant location that uniquely identifies the vulnerability of firms to operational disruptions, we find that firms with plants located in zones susceptible to higher infections earn significantly lower returns. For firms with high operational fragility, the marginal value of financial flexibility and operating flexibility is higher. The adverse impact of the operational fragility is lower for firms affiliated with the larger business groups. The paper identifies unique channels associated with the pandemic that impact firm value.

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