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3893 items in total found

Journal Articles | 2025

Pay inequality and firm performance

"Neerav Nagar, Avinash Arya"

The rising pay inequality between CEO and rank and file employees has attracted considerable attention from the public, activists, regulators, and academic researchers. Using a large sample of 1,581 Indian firms during 2017–2023 period, we find that pay inequality leads to better future performance as measured by the ROA, providing prima facie support for tournaments and talent assignment. However, an analysis of drivers of ROA using extended DuPont decomposition reveals that the source of ROA improvement is better profit margins (PM) and asset utilization (ATO). Further decomposition of ATO reveals that pay inequality leads to a significant decrease in labor productivity consistent with inequity aversion. The decline in productivity is more pronounced in poorly governed firms facing low competition. On the other hand, labor intensity increases significantly and is the sole driver of gains in asset utilization. In other words, at least a portion of the gains observed in ROA can be ascribed to the act of hiring more employees

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Journal Articles | 2025

GASP: A Graph Augmentation-Based Approach for Sign Prediction of Ties in Social Networks

Mukul Gupta, Samrat Gupta, Giri Kumar Tayi

This paper proposes a method for the sign prediction of ties in social networks using a design science research process. The proposed method is grounded in social network analysis and leverages the tenets of graph augmentation and a graph regularized framework for information diffusion. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that develops a sign prediction method for social networks based on the principles of design science research. This study makes several contributions. We demonstrate the utility and applicability of the proposed method for predicting trust/distrust on a user-user network created from the IMDb platform, which represents ties between reviewers based on their movie evaluation preferences. We describe and discuss the novel aspects of graph augmentation, symmetric normalization of the affinity matrix, and graph regularized label propagation, and discuss their synergistic use to predict the signs of network ties. We also establish the effectiveness of the proposed method by comparing its performance with two different metrics for balanced networks and two metrics for unbalanced networks using four state-of-the-art methods. The benchmarking networks used for experiments originate from online platforms such as Slashdot, Epinions, Wikipedia, and the Yeast Genetic Interaction Network from the biology domain. Experiments show that the proposed method provides significant performance improvements in the sign prediction of ties in social networks. This study provides valuable insights for social media platform owners seeking to improve their platforms by building new features and business leaders seeking to target advertisements and personalized content to users. We also discuss the theoretical, practical, and societal implications of this research.

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Journal Articles | 2025

Vehicle routing problem with time windows—New valid inequalities from polar duality

"Yogesh Kumar Agarwal, Prahalad Venkateshan"

The vehicle routing problem with time windows is a well-researched problem in literature. We study the 2-index flow formulation for the problem and propose a relatively little-used approach of polar duality/local cuts to compute new general valid inequalities for the problem. Our method of applying polar duality is quite distinct from and complimentary to an earlier attempt of applying the same idea to this problem and produces significantly better results on instances with tight time windows. On almost all 25-customer Solomon instances with tight time windows, our approach is capable of producing very strong lower bounds that are close to 100% of the optimal solution within reasonable computing time. On larger instances too the lower bounds are significantly better than those reported in the literature. We also present a new version of the previously proposed -path inequalities that are easy to compute as well as effective. These inequalities also lead to a substantial improvement in lower bounds and solution times for some classes of instances. Computational tests performed on benchmark instances indicate significant improvement in computing time and decrease in the number of nodes in the branch-and-bound tree as compared to extant methods that employ the flow formulation for the problem.

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Journal Articles | 2025

Public sector motivation: Construct definition, measurement, and validation

"Samet Kuril, Vishal Gupta, Shiva Kakkar, Rajneesh Gupta"

An individual’s decision to pursue a career in the public sector is likely to be influenced by a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic factors. While the widely studied concept of Public Service Motivation (PSM) emphasizes altruistic and prosocial values, it does not fully capture the diverse motivations that may influence entry into, and performance within the public sector—particularly in developing country contexts where economic constraints, political dynamics, and cultural hierarchies are prominent. The present study addresses this limitation by conceptualizing and validating a novel instrument to measure Public Sector Motivation (PSecM) which encompasses both intrinsic and extrinsic dimensions of motivation specific to a public sector employment. Through three studies involving diverse samples from the Indian civil services, this research conceptualizes PSecM as a construct having three key dimensions: power to bring change, job security, and social respect, thereby highlighting that PSecM in India is driven by mixed motives, combining intrinsic aspirations for societal impact and extrinsic incentives tied to the unique characteristics of public sector jobs. Next, through a sequence of rigorous psychometric analysis, the study presents a valid measure of PSecM scale that has adequate psychometric properties as well as predictive validity. By providing a conceptual understanding of PSecM and developing a valid instrument to measure it, this study contributes to the broader discourse on public sector management and national development in resource-constrained environments.

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Journal Articles | 2025

Navigating “AI-powered immersiveness” in healthcare delivery: A case of Indian doctors

"Ritu Raj, Rajesh Chandwani"

AI-powered immersive technologies integrate into physical and digital workspaces, disrupting traditional professional roles. We address two research questions. First, what factors specific to immersive technology usage impact healthcare professionals' perceptions, leading to its adoption? Second, how does this adoption impact the professional identity of healthcare professionals? Through a qualitative study of 84 doctors, our study identifies key factors related to ICT, individuals, and organizations associated with AI-powered immersive technologies that influence adoption. ICT factors include enhanced surgical planning, real-time data integration, training, and ethical and privacy concerns. Individual factors include the perception of self and social presence within virtual environments. Organizational factors comprise how institutions design collaborative ecosystems, define accountability structures, and promote skill expansion. Based on the adoption of these technologies, we highlight four identities of adopters: Risk-Averse Adopters, Pragmatic Adopters, Informed Enthusiasts, and Technology Champions. Our study contributes to Immersive technology adoption literature by highlighting how different factors impact perceptions that drive doctors' adoption of these technologies. We also contribute to the literature on IS and Professional identity by highlighting that these technologies redefine professional identities. Our study offers practical insights for designing targeted training programs, inclusive adoption strategies, accountability frameworks, and data governance policies.

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Business analytics value chain: Text and cases

Books | 2025

Business analytics value chain: Text and cases

Tanushri Banerjee, Arindam Banerjee, Dhaval Maheta, Vivek Gupta

Routledge

Working Papers | 2025

The Proustian Predicament in Trademark Law: Charting the Legal Recognition of Olfactory Marks

M P Ram Mohan, Pratishtha Agarwal

With the rise of multi-sensory branding, trademarks have expanded beyond the graphical and visual requirement to encompass olfaction, pushing the traditional limits of trademark doctrine. The present study assesses the evolving status of olfactory trademarks by focusing on their unique position as sensory-based marks. The study maps the regulatory landscape and evidentiary threshold for olfactory trademarks in the United States, European Union and Australia. These foundations are then juxtaposed to the Indian trademark law to conceptualise a workable framework for accommodating olfactory trademarks within the Trade Marks Act, 1999. The absence of a precedent in the Indian context underscores conservatism surrounding olfactory marks. The authors propose a hybrid framework for incorporating olfactory trademarks into the Trade Marks Act, 1999, combining Australia’s statutory model with the evidentiary standards set by the US Courts and the USPTO.

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Journal Articles | 2025

Internet of things in intralogistics: Applications and emerging research

"René de Koster, Debjit Roy, Yun Fong Lim, Subodha Kumar"

Managing the performance of intralogistics operations, that is logistics operations within facilities such as manufacturing plants, order fulfillment warehouses, ports and terminals, and retail stores, is critical in fulfilling customer expectations. Traditional decision-making for intralogistics operations is based on historical data, typically collected over long-range intervals with significant processing delays. However, nowadays, Internet of Things (IoT) applications are used to gather detailed real-time data to make dynamic decisions. These new data sources provide challenges and opportunities for operations management. We provide an overview of prominent IoT technologies in four domains: Manufacturing, warehousing, ports and terminals, retail, and other emerging areas. We discuss four prominent research questions (cutting across multiple application domains) that can be addressed using new data sources, along with the methodological approach and managerial insights that may result. In particular, IoT can improve the tracking and tracing of objects, equipment, and humans and provide rapid alerts, allowing managers to make real-time decisions and improve asset use, uptime, and profitability.

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Journal Articles | 2025

An identification-based understanding of team engagement in Global virtual Teams (GVTs)

"Farheen Fathima Shaik, Upam Pushpak Makhecha, Biju Varkkey, Sirish Kumar Gouda"

Because of globalization and technological advancements, organizations have adopted virtual work arrangements, specifically Global Virtual Teams (GVTs). This study conducted a 16-month ethnographic inquiry in a multinational enterprise to explore team engagement in GVTs. The findings indicate that GVT members often handle multiple roles across various teams and organizations and identify with these entities separately, thus displaying different levels of identification with roles, teams, and organizations. These three identification cascades affect other members' engagement and overall team engagement. Higher levels of identification with roles, teams, and organizations trigger a positive engagement contagion across the GVT, whereas a lower level of identification triggers a negative engagement contagion. We also identify four distinct configurations of GVT members, illustrating the complex nature of engagement dynamics in GVT settings. This identification-based understanding of engagement in GVTs contributes to the literature on team engagement and IS by highlighting the significance of understanding the sensitive dependence of GVT team engagement on members’ identification with their roles, teams, and organizations and subsequent engagement contagion.

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Business communication (3rd Edition)

Books | 2025

Business communication (3rd Edition)

Asha Kaul

PHI

IIMA