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3853 items in total found

Journal Articles | 2020

Social connections and tertiary health-care utilization

Tarun Jain and Sisir Debnath

Health Economics

The use of tertiary health care by socially proximate peers helps individuals learn about program and treatment procedures, signals that using such care is socially appropriate, and could support the use of formal health care, all of which could increase program utilization. Using complete administrative claims data from a publicly financed tertiary care program in India, we estimate that the elasticity of first-time claims with respect to claims by members of caste groups within the village is 0.046, with smaller effects of more socially distant individuals. The point elasticity of inpatient care expenditure with respect to claims filed by the same group in village peers in the previous quarter is Image removed.0.035. We find support for an information channel as peers increase awareness of the program and its features. Our findings have implications for the development of network-based models to determine health-care demand, as well as in use of network-based targeting to boost tertiary health-care utilization.

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Journal Articles | 2020

Using complier average causal effect estimation to examine student outcomes of the pax good behavior game when integrated with the PATHS curriculum

Catherine P. Bradshaw, Kathan Shukla, Elise T. Pas, Juliette K. Berg, and Nicholas S. Lalongo

Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research

A growing body of research has documented a link between variation in implementation dosage and outcomes associated with preventive interventions. Complier Average Causal Effect (CACE; Jo in J Educ Behav Stat 27:385-409, 2002) analysis allows for estimating program impacts in light of variation in implementation. This study reports intent-to-treat (ITT) and CACE findings from a randomized controlled trial (RCT) testing the impacts of the universal PAX Good Behavior Game (PAX GBG) integrated with Promoting Alternative Thinking Strategies (i.e., PATHS to PAX) and PAX GBG only compared to a control. This study used ratings by 318 K-5 teachers of 1526 at-risk children who, at baseline, were rated as displaying the top 33rd percentile of aggressive-disruptive behavior. Leveraging a prior study on these data (Berg et al. in Admin Policy Ment Health Ment Health Serv Res 44:558-571, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10488-016-0738-1 , 2017), CACE was defined as the effect of intervention assignment for compliers, using two compliance cut points (50th and 75th percentile), on posttest ratings of student academic engagement, social competence, peer relations, emotion regulation, hyperactivity, and aggressive-disruptive behavior. The ITT analyses indicated improvements for students in the integrated condition on ratings of social competence compared to the control condition. The CACE analyses also indicated significant effects of the integrated intervention on social competence, as well as academic engagement and emotion regulation for students in high compliance classrooms. These findings illustrate the importance of considering variation in implementation within the context of RCTs.

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Journal Articles | 2020

Implications of land use transitions and climate change on local flooding in urban areas: An assessment of 42 Indian cities

Vidhee Avashia and Amit Garg

Land Use Policy

Urban development induced land transitions affect urban hydrology, resulting in increased flooding risks. Climate change-related precipitation changes are an added complexity to the flood risks of cities. This study examines the role of land use changes in determining the occurrence of urban flooding events across 42 Indian cities under current and future climate change scenarios. Landsat images for 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2017 have been processed using a hybrid classification technique to determine the land use shares for all cities. A typical event-count study using newspaper archives has been conducted to create a flooding event database. A multilevel model employing logistic mixed-effects approach was used. Future projections of the occurrence of flooding events for nine models under three climate change-related Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs)—2.6, 4.5, and 8.5—and three urban development scenarios have been carried out. The results suggest that cities should preserve the land uses that act as a sponge—the green, open and blue spaces. As these spaces decrease, the projected flooding events increase. Under the RCP 2.6 scenario, the number of flooding events is significantly lower (95 % confidence) than under RCPs 4.5 and 8.5. The expected flooding occurrences between RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 are not significantly different (95 % confidence) for many scenarios, suggesting that Indian cities should aim for a world temperature increase of below 2 °C, or devastating consequences are imminent. This study highlights the need for Indian cities to undertake integrated spatial planning measures for a resilient, sustainable urban future.

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Journal Articles | 2020

Why does technology integration fail? Teacher beliefs and content developer assumptions in an Indian initiative

Vijaya Sherry Chand, Ketan Satish Deshmukh, and Anurag Shukla

Educational Technology Research and Development

This paper explores technology integration and the role of teacher beliefs in this integration to assess a ‘smart-class’ initiative that was introduced in 3173 Grade 7–8 classrooms of 1609 public schools in India in 2017. It first reports on the impact of the initiative at the end of its first year, using a sample of 2574 children drawn from 155 project schools and 155 non-project schools. A two-level multivariate analysis did not indicate any significant effect of the project on student subject knowledge, attitude towards subject and subject self-efficacy beliefs. A follow-up interpretive study that used the open-ended responses of 170 project teachers and four in-depth case studies revealed that the e-content supplied supported some traditional beliefs of teachers while challenging others; the latter, however, led to resistance that hindered learning processes. Thus, both support and challenge seem to have led to a reproduction of the traditional classroom, resulting in no significant differences in outcomes between project and non-project classrooms. The paper calls for greater awareness among content developers of how their beliefs can subvert technology integration, and for supportive professional development of teachers that will help them incorporate technology in their pedagogical practice.

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Journal Articles | 2020

Relationships between leadership, motivation and employee-level innovation: evidence from India

Vishal Gupta

Personnel Review

Purpose

Integrating the behavioral theory of leadership, the componential theory of creativity and the self-determination theory (SDT), the study tests the relationships between leadership, work motivation (intrinsic motivation, integrated extrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation) and employee-level innovation (innovative work behavior and innovation outcomes) in a work setting.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected using a survey questionnaire from 493 scientists working in India's largest civilian research and development (R&D) organization. The structural equation modeling (SEM) method was used to test the hypothesized relationships between the study variables.

Findings

The study found evidence for positive relationships between leadership, employee autonomous motivation (intrinsic and integrated extrinsic motivation) and employee-level innovation. The study shows that extrinsic motivation is positively related to innovation only when the value of rewards is integrated to one's sense of self (integrated extrinsic motivation). Extrinsic motivation, otherwise, is not related to innovation.

Research limitations

The study was cross-sectional, so inferences about causality are limited.

Practical implications

First, while extrinsic motivation is considered bad for innovation, the study provides evidence that integrated extrinsic motivation complements intrinsic motivation and encourages employee-level innovation. Second, the study shows that leaders can aid the process of development of autonomous motivation by displaying positive behaviors. Third, the study validates the mediating role of autonomous motivation for the leadership–innovation relationship.

Originality/value

The study provides an insight into the underlying process through which leaders can impact innovation at the workplace. To the best of the author's knowledge, such a study is the first of its kind undertaken in an organizational context.

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Journal Articles | 2020

PhD student experiences with the impostor phenomenon in STEM

Devasmita Chakraverty

International Journal of Doctoral Studies

Aim/Purpose

This US-based study explored various facets of impostor phenomenon experienced during PhD training in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). Specifically, the purpose of this research was to identify certain experiences that trigger this phenomenon.

Background

Competent high-achievers who do not believe in their efforts leading to accomplishments sometimes experience the impostor phenomenon. It is characterized by the notion that one has fooled others into overestimating their ability, not attributing one’s accomplishments to ability, and living with the fear of being discovered as a fraud.

Methodology

Data were collected using convenience and snowball sampling. Qualitative, semi-structured interviews from 90 PhD students were analyzed thematically.

Contribution

Study findings contribute to a less-understood area of what constitutes triggers for the impostor phenomenon among PhD students in STEM fields.

Findings

Participants described the following themes that triggered impostor phenomenon during PhD training: 1) Progress and public recognition, 2) Comparing oneself with others, 3) Developing skills: public speaking and scientific writing. 4) Application of new knowledge, and 5) Asking for help.

Recommendations for Practitioners

PhD faculty, mentors, advisers, and administrators should be cognizant of the triggers that could give rise to the impostor phenomenon among their students. Professional development activities for students could focus on earlier and more rigorous training for improving scientific communication.

Recommendation for Researchers

Future research should continue to explore if other stakeholders in academia such as postdoctoral trainees and faculty also experience similar stress due to the impostor phenomenon.

Impact on Society

Institutes of higher education should continue to focus on improving student mental health and retention rates, alleviating some of the PhD training stressors by designing interventions that improve students’ mindset and self-efficacy.

Future Research

Findings point to avenues for further research on how to support those with impostor phenomenon. Future research could explore the topic in other disciplines outside STEM and examine if long-term interventions could mitigate impostor-feelings, including the nature and length of interventions that could be helpful.

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Journal Articles | 2020

Identifying the drivers of luxury brand sales in emerging markets: An exploratory study

Sourav Borah, Amalesh Sharma, Mauli Soni, and Alok R Sahoo

Journal of Business Research

Luxury brands across the globe have made inroads into emerging markets (EM). While some brands have succeeded in one EM, they have failed to replicate their success in others. We investigate the drivers of luxury brand sales in EM using a multi-method approach. First, through a qualitative study, we identify which market characteristics of EM (market heterogeneity, competition from unbranded products, socio-political governance, and resources and infrastructure) affect luxury brand sales, with a firm’s marketing effort and a market’s financial freedom being important contingencies. Second, we empirically test the insights using data from 88 luxury brands and robust econometric analyses. Our results show that market characteristics influence luxury sales and that the effects of such market characteristics on luxury brand sales are heterogeneous. We also find significant moderating effects of marketing efforts and financial freedom. Our study thus extends the literature on the marketing of luxury brands and EM.

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Journal Articles | 2020

Reverse endowment effect for a new product

A.Banerji and Jeevant Rampal

American Journal of Agricultural Economics

This article reports and provides an explanation for a discrepancy between two theoretically equivalent, frequently used, and incentive-compatible methods of measuring premia for improved novel products: the full-bidding and endow-and-upgrade methods. We found the following reverse endowment effect in a willingness-to-pay (WTP) elicitation Becker-DeGroot-Marschak (BDM) experiment for the newly developed biofortified high iron pearl millet (HIPM) conducted in rural India. The WTP for exchanging local pearl millet (LPM) for HIPM (the endow-and-upgrade measure of premium for HIPM over LPM), was significantly greater than the difference between the WTPs for HIPM and LPM (the theoretically equivalent full-bidding measure). Our explanation is that subjects who possess an existing version of a product experience a reversal of loss aversion with respect to the novel and improved version of the product. We identify and structurally estimate the reverse loss aversion parameter. Our findings caution against using endow-and-upgrade and full-bidding methods interchangeably for measuring premia for new products, even if the experimental design accounts for reciprocity and experimental-income effect.

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Journal Articles | 2020

The Law of Restitution for unjust enrichment in India

M P Ram Mohan and Mridul Godha

Lloyd’s Maritime and Commercial Law Quarterly

The law of restitution for unjust enrichment is among the most debated private law topics today. It has been invoked to justify the right to restitution in cases which fall outside the scope of contract law. Despite being well developed in many common law countries, and a part of this area of law being codified in the Indian Contract Act 1872, ss 68–72, courts in India have applied the principle of restitution for unjust enrichment inconsistently and in conflict with codified law. This paper gives clarity on this position and proposes to fill the academic vacuum in this regard.

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Journal Articles | 2020

An exploration of public risk perception and governmental engagement of nuclear energy in India

M P Ram Mohan and Sreenath K Namboodhiry

Journal of Public Affairs

Public acceptance constitutes an important factor in successfully establishing and operating nuclear power plants. This paper explores public attitudes to the Kudankulam Nuclear Power Project commissioned in 2013 and situated in Southern India, through assessing the role of socio-demographic factors, externalities, and social trust in determining the level of public acceptance. An exploratory survey (n = 100) was carried out in two administrative units in the vicinity of the plant. The study reveals that acceptance of the plant is positively correlated with positive externalities and trust in governmental entities, whereas negative externalities and trust in antinuclear nongovernmental organizations and media are associated with negative public perception. The results show that governmental policies on nuclear power must support the effects of positive externalities and reduce the effects of negative externalities.

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