The horror of India's urban spaces cannot be understood without recognizing the core errors in planning and in the approach of infrastructural development. These stem mainly from the low FSI's that are used, the lack of any recognition of central place needs of different economic activities, the lack of even a modicum of integration of transport planning with layout planning (the so called "Master Plans"), an" architects' approach" to urban design, and most importantly to the organization mess-up that the urban local bodies are. Unless these change the large sums of money that would be spent would actually result in much subtraction of social and public value.