The main objective of this paper is to analyze the nature of industrial culture emerging in India in the background of the concepts regarding the industrial society prevailing in contemporary social science. The author examines the classical hypothesis that the norms and institutions of the traditional Indian society are incompatible with the social and economic pre-conditions of modern technology. It is argued that Indian entrepreneurs and workers found it relatively easy to move from the rural-agricultural nexus of traditional India to modern industrial work due to a degree of flexibility inherent in the traditional society as well as the unique interaction between Indian and western intellectuals during the British rule. An attempt is then made to analyze the psychological, social, economic and political forces influencing the Indian industrial man and the implications of these forces for maintenance and development of a social order Indians may want to achieve.