Concern on Population-Development issues has been a long standing one in the demographic literature. Major emphasis of research and thinking in this area has been on the impact of population growth on certain developmental variables. This paper tries to focus on the current understanding of how population variables namely fertility, mortality and migration affect and are affected by developmental processes. Some of the important macro and micro explanations of fertility declines within the developmental framework have also been discussed. Specific attention is given at the end of the paper on spatial aspects of development and related policy issues.