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3721 items in total found

Working Papers | 1978

Transforming the Rural Poor: The Big Push Revisited

Sambrani Shreekant

The paper reexamines the logic and relevance of the big push in transforming the rural poor. Theories of circular causation of poverty and immanent economic controversies, such as the critical minimum effort, balanced vs. unbalanced growth are examined. The economic and social relevance of big push strategies as emerging from Indian realities is studied. Finally, some dilemmas in pursuing big push strategies and a few tentative formulations of what might constitute the big push are set forth.

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Working Papers | 1978

Depreciation and Replacement Cost

Gupta Ramesh

The sharp rise in prices in the last few years has stirred up a brisk debate on the meaning and measurement of business income. In computing income, the costs of labor and material are generally reflected in current prices, but the provision made for depreciation is generally not sufficient to replace the fixed assets. Accountants try to meet the depreciation shortfall by speeding up the normal process of writing off the original asset cost. Does it solve the problem? In this paper, we have investigated the various approaches to the problem of providing sufficient depreciation allowance in measuring income. The relationship between written down value and the straight-line inflation adjusted methods of providing depreciation has been examined. Simulation technique has been used to illustrate the problem and pertinent policy implications of the use of various depreciation methods have been highlighted.

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Working Papers | 1978

Nature of the Environment for the Forestry Sector in India

Gupta Tirath

The paper has argued that the overall impact of the economic, social, political, cultural, legal, administrative and technological variables does not appear to be conducive for the desired and deserved growth of the forestry sector in India. The sector has a vast potential for contributing to the development of the local communities as well as the national economy. More importantly, it ca be used as a vehicle for economic growth with social justice-something that the nation has aspired to achieve since long. The forestry sector in India, however, seems to have lagged behind because of a number of reasons e.g. (i) the emphasis on the philosophy of sustained yield, (ii) State ownership and management of forest lands, (iii) private ownership and management of most forest based industries, and (iv) preference for short-term objectives while allocating developmental resources. The situation presents a challenge as well as an opportunity for the professional forester.

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Working Papers | 1978

Measuring Performance of Small Farmers Development Agency

Gaikwad V R

The purpose of this paper is to evolve certain methods of analysis and indicators for measuring the performance of the Small Farmers' Development Agency and apply these to the type of data which is normally collected by all the SFDAs operating in the country for preparation of quarterly and annual reports. The data analyzed in this paper pertains to an Agency operating since 1971. Against the standards developed for the Agency's functional operations, it was found that both the effectiveness and efficiency of the SFDA under study left much to be desired. Operational efficiency of the Agency could be improved by periodic monitoring of the performance against the stated norms and standards.

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Working Papers | 1978

Inflation and Project Evaluation: A Case Study of the Effect of Price Changes on Rate of Return

Gupta Ramesh

Inflation is one important economic variable which is playing an ever-expanding role in the decision making process of business, industry and government. The evaluation of capital expenditure projects are based on estimation of future economic benefits from such expenditure, and if such benefits are susceptible to changing prices, it becomes necessary to measure such effects. The major thrust of this study is that the discounted cash flow rate of return measure used in making capital investment is sensitive to prive-level changes. Several factors constitute the determinants of the resulting effects of price-level changes on rate of return. We have to separate the responsiveness of operating expenses from revenue, it is wholly conceivable that two are not equally responsive to general price-level changes. In this study, we used the empirical data as opposed to a hypothetical example to gauge the sensitivity of Internal Rate of Return to price-level changes.

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Working Papers | 1978

Corporate Investment in 1978: A Forecast

C Rangarajan

Investment in the private corporate sector, including the joint sector, has shown a substantial rise in 1977 as compared with 1976. However, this substantial rise has been contributed largely by the projects in the joint sector. Corporate investment in 1978 is likely to rise above the 1977 level by 5 to 8 per cent. The study entailed an analysis of the projects sanctioned by the all-India term lending institutions to the private corporate sector including the joint sector. Capital expenditure on all the projects sanctioned by these institutions will amount to Rs. 955 crores in 1977 compared with Rs. 702 crores in 1976. This steep increase in investment is largely accounted for by the 18 new joint sector projects initiated in 1977 which will alone incur capital expenditures of Rs. 102 crores. As of new, based on the projects sanctioned until the end of 1977, the capital expenditures in 1978 will be Rs. 735 crores. If we add to this the likely expenditures to be incurred on projects to be sanctioned in 1978, the total capital expenditures in the corporate sector in 1978 should rise above the 1977 level by 5 to 8 per cent.

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Working Papers | 1978

Educational Activities

Pareek Udai

Various organizations are recognizing the social responsibilities. One of the responsibilities of the organization is to look at change in a more planned way. The various innovations which the organization can make may be more systematically planned. Organizations interact with the environment. Environment may consist of the community in which the organization is located, the customers and their plans, resources institutions, and educational systems. Planned interventions of educational nature are used by organizations both for influencing external environment and for managing internal changes. These interventions can be both processed interventions and structured interventions. The various kinds of educational activities which organization can undertake may include sponsoring educational institutions, sponsoring project in the community, action programmes, getting involved in the community. Regarding educational activities within the organization important dimensions are socialization, training, and organizational development. Special attention may be paid to learning process as the underlying process of using educational activities whether external environment or within the organization.

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Working Papers | 1978

Designing and Conducting Microlab for Training

T. V. Rao and Pareek Udai

Microlab is a technique evolved originally as a part of T-group technology to unfreeze the participants before their participation in a T-group. This technique has been used in several innovative training programmes to communicate the innovativeness in the designs of these programmes and also to set a proper attitude for learning. This paper discusses the details of microlab along with some examples on its use in different programmes.

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Working Papers | 1978

Action Research on Rural Development Experiences of ROP Group

Gupta Ranjit

The paper describes the methodology and strategy adopted by the RDP Group to prepare and facilitate the implementation of the first action research project located in Dharampur, and the lessons it gained in the process. The paper is presented in two parts. The first part describes the methodology adopted by the Group to prepare the action plan and the institutional linkages it established to facilitate its implementation. Towards the end of this part questions having a wider bearing have been raised to underscore certain concerns crucial to the task of improving the lot of the rural poor. The second part contains further details of the methodology the Group followed to study the area's resources, growth constraints, development potentialities, social structure, functioning and structure of development administration and other agencies in the area. Most of this information was collected from secondary sources. A list of these sources is given at the end of the paper. The paper was presented by the author at the Second Seminar on Management Research held at the IIMA on January 19-20, 1978.

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Working Papers | 1978

The Two Hundred Mile Economic Zone and its Implications fir Fisheries Management

Shyam Manjula

This paper deals with a broad overview of the international legal context in which problems of fisheries management have to be viewed. After discussing the weaknesses of the old fisheries regime, the new international system based on the Economic Zone concept which is being formulated at the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea is examined. Implications of the Economic Zone for fisheries management are considered first in more general terms and then specifically for the Indian Ocean. Some suggestions are made for future research in fisheries management.

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